• See also:
  • Alternatives to Windows
    • Linux ...
    • ESU - Windows 10 Extended Support
      • Alternatives to MS-ESU
    • Unsupported systems
  • CapsLock ...
  • Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
  • DOS - Run programs from the Command Line Interface (command=DOS CLI, cmd.exe=Windows CLI)
    • PowerShell
  • Error Messages
  • Help
  • Issues | Current Issues - Microsoft & Windows
  • Microsoft 365 = Office 365 ... - Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, OneDrive, Teams, ToDo, Calendar, Skype, etc.
  • NumLock ...
  • PowerShell (in Windows) ...
  • PowerToys ...
  • Recovery
  • Registry = regedit.msc
    • GPE = Group Policy Editor = gpedit.msc
  • Reinstall | Repair | Recovery | Reset
    • Reset = Clean Install
  • Remote Access utilities ...
  • Restore points ...
  • ScrollBar ...
  • Search - Start Menu
  • Shortcuts
  • Start Menu - Search
  • Startup ...
  • Tools/Utilities in Windows ...
    • Microsoft Utilities ... - Process Explorer, etc.
  • Troubleshooting
  • Updates
    • Windows 10 ESU program - Extended Security Updates.
    • See also: Unsupported systems
  • Versions | Windows Versions
  • Windows FAQ ...
  • Windows Installation & Setup ... - winstall.htm
  • WinSize = Windows' size and position

• Registry = regedit.msc
  • Registry Editor - HowToGeek
  • Always back up your registry before making modifications.
  • Highly recommended to back up your registry and explore your other options before modifying the registry.
  • NoAutoRebootWithLoggedOnUsers
  • I finally fixed that annoying Search the web lag in my Start Menu with one registry edit
• GPE = Group Policy Editor = gpedit.msc
  • Local Group Policy Editor - HowToGeek
• inetpub | C:\inetpub\
  • Do not remove the folder C:\inetpub\
  • Microsoft Wants You to Run a PowerShell Script If You’ve Deleted This Folder on Windows - HowToGeek
    • PowerShell
  • inetpub | PC Review
• Help
  • Windows
    • Windows help and learning
    • Windows help
    • Microsoft Help and Support
    • Free up drive space in Windows 10 - Windows Help
    • Customize the taskbar notification area - Windows Help
    • Tips to improve PC performance in Windows 10 - Windows Help
    • 3D in Windows 10 - Windows Help
  • Remote Access utilities ...
• Password / PIN
  • How to help keep your Microsoft account safe and secure
  • Recover your account
  • Reset Microsoft Account Password From Windows 10 Login Screen
  • Reset a forgotten Microsoft account password
  • Change your Microsoft account password
  • Reset your Windows local account password
  • Change local account password in Windows 10 - Microsoft Community
  • 6 Easy Ways to Change Password In Windows 10
  • Windows Hello PIN is unavailable on Windows 10/11. (Solved) - WinTips.org
    • "Switching to a local account means you won't see your personalized settings on all your devices."
    • Start > Settings > Accounts > Sign-in options > Require Windows Hello sign-in for Microsoft accounts > Off
      • "For improved secrurity, only allow Windows Hello sign-in for Microsoft accounts on this device (Recommended)"
• Virtual Machine = VM
  • See also:  Windows Installation ...
  • Virtual Desktops - (called Workspaces in Linux)
    • See also:  Windows Installation ...
• WinSize = Windows' size and position
  • Remember & restore window location (size & position) for all apps
    • Windows does not remember window position and size
      • Windows does not remember window position and size
      • Fix: Windows not Remembering Window Positions and Sizes - Appuals.com
      • Third-Party Solutions
        • WinSize2 moves and resizes windows - $0 but not very intuitive
          • How to Have Windows Remember Their Size and Positions With WinSize2
          • Hotkey = Ctrl-Alt-Z - WinSize2 moves and resizes windows
            • Ctrl-Alt-Z once = learn place/position/size of window
            • Ctrl-Alt-Z twice  = delete place/position/size of window from WinSize's list
            • Ctrl-Alt-Z thrice = open WinSize window to allow you to set "Special Parameters"
          • How to Open Programs With Preset Window Sizes in Windows 11
          • WinSize2 download | SourceForge.net - $0 - ^~Z
      • Suggestions:
        1. Resize the window as you like it > close the window while pressing Ctrl-Shift
        2. How do I get Windows 10 to remember window size and position? - Microsoft Community
           • Right-click on the Taskbar and choose Cascade. That should put the window on the screen. Stretch the window out to the desired size and close it. It should open that size next time.
           • R-click on Taskbar > Cascade windows > resize the window as you like it > close the window -- Note: No need to use Ctrl or Shift or Ctrl-Shift while closing the window.
    • How can I get Windows 7 to remember program windows size and position? - Super User
      • Try with Shift + close on the window (to save its position and size). 
      • Holding the SHIFT key and then, in the program's File menu, select "Exit".
      • It seems to behave properly as long as you don't snap it to the edge of the screen to maximize it. I can drag the edge of the window to near the edge of the screen to a point where it is about to snap and then minimize the window. When I click on it in the taskbar again, it opens up to the correct size.
    • eskSoft - WindowManager - Window position and size manager - free demo/evaluation period - CDN$21 permanent licence with lifetime free upgrades
    • ShellFolderFix - $0
      • Download ShellFolderFix - MajorGeeks
        • ShellFolderFix has no installer but it also has no uninstaller. It loads in your startup so you can't delete it without disabling it from starting with your computer. You can use a program like CCleaner to disable it from starup, reboot and then delete ShellFolderFixUI.exe and ShellFolderFixUI.dll wherever you're running it from.
      • ShellFolderFix - Download
      • ShellFolderFix Remembers Window Locations in Windows 7
      - HowToGeek
    • Basta ZMover - Desktop layout manager - $20
    • Program to save visible windows' locations and later restore the layout - Software Recommendations Stack Exchange - List of windows layout managers.
    • Save window locations of applications - Super User
• ---------------------------------------------------------------
• Activate Hidden Features in Windows Insider Builds
• mach2 - riverar/mach2: Windows Feature Control Multi-tool - GitHub
  • Warning!  Using mach2 could be very dangerous unless you really are a Windows expert.
• End-of-the-year cleanup checklist for Windows - TechRepublic
• How to Block (or Allow) Certain Applications for Users in Windows - HowToGeek
• Allow Windows to Run Specified Programs Only - YouTube
• Windows Guest Account Best Practices | IT Pro
• 25 Hidden Tricks Inside Windows 10 | PCMag.com
• PowerShell - (part of Windows since 2006)
  • See also: DOS ...
  • See also: PowerToys ...
  • PS = PowerShell | Microsoft Docs
  • PowerShellUnplugged: The latest features of PowerShell 7 | Microsoft Learn
    • Introduction to PowerShell - Training | Microsoft Learn
  • PowerShell: A cheat sheet - TechRepublic
  • PowerShell Tutorial: PowerShell Scripting Basics | TechRepublic
  • Command Prompt vs. Windows PowerShell: What's the Difference?
  • Announcing PowerShell 7.0 | PowerShell
  • PowerShell 7.0: Eight changes you need to know - TechRepublic
  • PowerShell: The smart person's guide - TechRepublic
  • Microsoft: New Windows Terminal update is out and it's 'huge' - TechRepublic - 2019-08-06
  • PowerShell - Wikipedia - Windows PowerShell
  • PowerShell Documentation | Microsoft Docs
  • Installing PowerShell on Windows - PowerShell | Microsoft Docs
  • Microsoft.PowerShell.Management Module - PowerShell | Microsoft Learn
  • Windows PowerShell Keeps Popping Up? 8 Ways to Fix
    • C:\Users\[UserName]\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup
      • Win-R (Windows > Start > Run) > shell:startup
    • PowerShell opens at Startup in Windows 11/10
  • Remoting Over SSH - PowerShell | Microsoft Learn
  • How to Create System Restore Points with Command Prompt or PowerShell | Password Recovery
  • How-To Geek = HowToGeek.com
    • 10 Most Useful PowerShell Commands for Everday Users - HowToGeek
      • Cmdlet reference | Microsoft Learn
        • Show-Command (Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility) - PowerShell | Microsoft Learn - Without parameters, Show-Command displays a command window that lists all available commands in all installed modules. To find the commands in a module, select the module from the Modules drop-down list. To select a command, click the command name. Put Show-Command in front of any other command, and you'll receive a graphical interface with all the available parameters, and you can even run the command from that interface.
        • Test-NetConnection (NetTCPIP) | Microsoft Learn
        • Get-NetIPConfiguration (NetTCPIP) | Microsoft Learn
        • Get-NetIPAddress (NetTCPIP) | Microsoft Learn
        • Get-Command (Microsoft.PowerShell.Core) - PowerShell | Microsoft Learn
        • Get-Member (Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility) - PowerShell | Microsoft Learn
        • Stop-Service and Start-Service in a script will stop the printer spooler (the Windows service that manages print jobs), in conjunction with Remove-Item (that deletes files, in this case queued print jobs) and hope that it clears whatever inexplicable issue is stopping you from printing. Be very careful with the -recurse flag!
        • Robocopy | Microsoft Learn
          • How to Use Robocopy to Sync Files on a Drive or Directory in Windows - How-To Geek
          • Keep files in two locations synchronized. It's particularly useful for performing backup tasks. - HowToGeek
        • Get-ChildItem (Microsoft.PowerShell.Management) - PowerShell | Microsoft Learn - View the Full Contents of a Folder (And Subfolders)
        • Get-Process (Microsoft.PowerShell.Management) - PowerShell | Microsoft Learn - If you don't want to leave the Task Manager open, you can always run Get-Process for a quick look at what your Windows PC is up to.
      • Task Scheduler for Beginners: How to Automate Windows Maintenance and More - How-To Geek
      • Folders
        • Downloads
          • Where Are My Downloads on Windows?
            • C:\Users\(Your Account)\Downloads
            • Check your browser's download history by pressing Ctrl+J or accessing the browser's menu.
• Terminal - Windows Terminal
  • How to Find the Wi-Fi Password of Any Network You've Connected To - CNET
    • Windows > Start > Micosoft Store > Windows Terminal > Install
• 7 commands to reinstall or upgrade Windows 10 computers - TechRepublic
• Microsoft Windows 10 Review & Rating | PCMag.com - Release 1809
• Process Monitor
  • Process Monitor
    • FileMon and Regmon are no longer available for download. They have been replaced by Windows Process Monitor.
  • PS > procmon
• PC Security Channel - YouTube
  • How to tell if your PC is hacked: Intro to System Forensics - YouTube
• Task Manager = Process Manager = taskmgr = (^Shift-Esc) = Ctrl-Alt-Del
  • See also:  Microsoft Tools ...
• See also:  Microsoft Utilities ... - Process Explorer, etc.
• Microsoft Utilities - Process Explorer, etc.
• Windows 10, Start process is missing | DELL Technologies
  • Windows Task Manager: The Complete Guide - Process Explorer
  • Process Explorer - Sysinternals | Microsoft Learn
• Investigating Windows 10's Task Manager: More simplicity, more power - TechRepublic
• Windows Task Manager: The Complete Guide - HowToGeek
• 8 Task Manager Tips Every Windows User Should Know - HowToGeek
  • Ctrl (hold it down) = freeze Task Manager
  • Ctrl (hold it down) > File (menu) > Run New Task = Command Prompt
• Start Menu
  • Settings → Personalization → Taskbar → Taskbar behaviors and changing the alignment from Center to Left.
  • Desktop Customization Utilities ...
  • Searching Windows ...
    • PowerToys, Command Palette, Alternatives to the Start Menu
  • Windows 10/11 - Start Menu
    • Customize the Start Menu in Windows 10 and Windows 11 | PCMag
    • Windows Features - Press the Key (or click on the start menu button), then type "windows features".
    • Start (icon in bottom left corner) > Settings > Update and Security > Troubleshoot
    • Settings App
      • Settings App Not Working in Windows? Here Are the Fixes - Make Tech Easier
    • Windows 10 Start Menu Not Working: 13 Methods
    • 6 Tools to Tweak the Windows 10 Start Menu
    • Start Menu not responding? Restart Start Menu in Windows 11/10
      • Windows Update
      • Update all drivers
      • Task Manager > Processes (tab) > Start > End task
      • Restart StartMenuExperienceHost.exe using command-line
        • cmd > taskkill /f /im StartMenuExperienceHost.exe
        • cmd > start C:\Windows\SystemApps\Microsoft.Windows.StartMenuExperienceHost_cw5n1h2txyewy\StartMenuExperienceHost.exe
        • PowerShell >Stop-Process -Name "StartMenuExperienceHost" -Force
        • PowerShell >Start-Process -FilePath C:\Windows\SystemApps\Microsoft.Windows.StartMenuExperienceHost_cw5n1h2txy
    • StartMenuExperienceHost.exe won't run or start - KERNELBASE.dll - - Microsoft Community
      • cmd (with administrative privileges) or Windows PowerShell (Admin)
        dism.exe /online /cleanup-image /scanhealth
        dism.exe /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth
        dism.exe /online /cleanup-image /startcomponentcleanup
        sfc /scannow
        restart
      • See also: Utilities / Tools
    • Start Menu Not Working on Windows 10/11 - Ultimate Fixes!
    • Sysinternals - Sysinternals | Microsoft Learn
      • See also:  Windows Task Manager (taskmgr) ...
      • Sysinternals Suite - Sysinternals | Microsoft Learn
      • Sysinternals Utilities - Sysinternals | Microsoft Learn - Sysinternals Utilities Index
      • Sysinternals Suite - The entire set of Sysinternals Utilities rolled up into a single download. (.ZIP)
    • App - Windows Start Menu app
      • Windows 10 Start Menu Gets Its Own Process in Build 1903
        • C:\Windows\SystemApps\Microsoft.Windows.StartMenuExperienceHost_cw5n1h2txyew\StartMenuExperienceHost.exe
        • PowerShell
          Stop-Process -Name "StartMenuExperienceHost" -Force
          Start-Process -FilePath C:\Windows\SystemApps\Microsoft.Windows.StartMenuExperienceHost_cw5n1h2txyewy\StartMenuExperienceHost.exe
        • Restart Start Menu in Windows 10 | Tutorials
  • Windows 7/8/8.1 - Start Menu
    • Get A Modern Start Menu For Windows 7 & 8
    • 2015!? No Way Microsoft! How To Get Your Windows 8.1 Start Menu Now
    • Classic Shell (in Windows 8) - $0
      • Easily revive the Classic Start Menu hidden within Windows 8 | TechRepublic
      • Classic Shell
    • Pokki - Get the Start Menu back for Windows 8 | Pokki
    • Power8 - Yet another Start menu replacer for Windows 8 - Google Project Hosting
    • Reviver
      • Start Menu Reviver 2 offers a better program manager for Windows 8.1 - TechRepublic - 2014-05-09
      • The Windows 8 Start Menu reimagined and reinvigorated | TechRepublic - 2013-06-14
        • ReviverSoft | Software and Tips to Make Your PC Run Like New
        • Start Menu Reviver - $0
    • Start8 for Windows® 8 - Bringing back the Windows Start menu - $5
    • StartW8 - Start Menu for Windows 8 - Get the Start menu back in Windows 8
    • StartMenu8 - IObit StartMenu8 Free download, Bring Start Menu back to Windows 8
    • StartIsBack - real start menu in Windows 8
    • ViStart - Windows 8 Start Menu, Windows 7 Start Menu
    • ---
    • InfoWorld
      • InfoWorld | 9 Windows Start menus for Windows 8 | Microsoft Windows - 2012-12-12 - page 1
      • InfoWorld | 9 Windows Start menus for Windows 8 | Microsoft Windows - 2012-12-12 - page 2
    • Make the Windows 8 Start Screen work like the Start Menu | TechRepublic
    • You don't really need a Start Menu in Windows 8 | TechRepublic
• Browse InPrivate in Microsoft Edge
• 10 things you should do before, during, and after reinstalling Windows - TechRepublic - 2008-10-15
• 10 Neglected Windows Superpowers & How to Access Them
• Secrets of the Windows Control Panel | PCMag
• 5 Windows 7 Features You Didn't Know Existed
• Bill Gates' Web Site
• Microsoft Download Center: Windows, Office, Xbox & More
• NETBIOS - If you disable NetBIOS over TCP/IP, you may not be able to connect to computers that are running an OS other than W2K.
• Office - by Microsoft ...
• Search
• How to Search the Content of Your Files on Windows
• 7 Awesome Alternatives To Windows Search
• SearchNT.com: The WindowsNT/Windows2000-Specific Search Engine
• Swynk.com: SQL Server, SMS, Exchange, Microsoft, BackOffice, IIS, FAQs
• TechNet
• U.S. Department of Justice: Antitrust Division
• Windows...
• Worldwide Sites - Links to Office Contact Information & Worldwide Web Sites
• 8 Geeky Ways To Customize Windows To Your Needs

Windows Shortcuts ...

Current Issues - Microsoft & Windows

• Homegroup ...
• The 'Windows won't shut down' bug is even worse than we thought | PCWorld
  • You can continue to shut down Windows using the shutdown /s /t 0 command in the Command Prompt.
    • C:\> shutdown /s /t 0
  • Want faster PC shutdowns? Master these Windows commands and tricks | PCWorld
• Libraries
  • How to use libraries on Windows 10 | Windows Central
  • How to Manage a Windows 8 Library's Folders - dummies
  • Understand Windows 8 Libraries To Master Storage Space
• 4 Cheap Ways To Obtain A Legal Copy Of Windows 7
• Problem Solving
  • How to fix 5 persistent Windows irritations | InfoWorld
  • How to Fix DLL Not Found or Missing Errors
  • Bug Check 0x154 UNEXPECTED_STORE_EXCEPTION - Windows drivers | Microsoft Docs
  • stop code unexpected_store_exception - Google Search
• MSIE-8 (= Microsoft Internet Explorer 8)
  • Problem:  It’s running horribly. I am having a ton of performance problems with multiple tabs open. After opening four or five tabs, things slow down and the tab progress indicator spins endlessly if I try to open a new tab.  In fact, the problem was so bad that simply closing IE wasn’t enough, as multiple processes of Iexplore.exe continued running and had to be killed manually.
  • Solution:  Run "regsvr32 actxprxy.dll" - then reboot
    • That re-registers the ActiveX Interface Marshaling Library, an obscure DLL that most people (even Microsoft experts) had never heard about. (Note that if you try this using Windows Vista, you must do this from an elevated Command Prompt window; type cmd in the Start menu Search box, right-click the cmd .exe shortcut, and then choose Run As Administrator. After restarting her computer, she tried using IE8 again. The results were stunning.
• WGA = Windows Genuine Advantage Notifications
• Windows Updates
• Description of the Windows Genuine Advantage Notifications application
• Windows Vista
• Windows 7
• Windows 8
• Windows 8.1

Windows

• Windows FAQ...
• See also:  DOS / Cmd
• History

• History of MS Windows

  DOS	(1981)
  Windows 1.0:	Cancelled
  Windows 1.01:	(1985-11)
  Windows 1.02:	(1986-05)
  Windows 1.03:	(1986-08)
  Windows 1.04:	(1987-04)
  Windows 2.03:	(1987-12) Windows 286
  Windows 2.10:	(1988-05)
  Windows 2.11:	(1989-03)
  Windows 3.0:	(1990-05) Windows 386 (16-bit for the Intel.80386 CPU)
  Windows 3.1:	(1992-08)
  Windows 3.1:	(1992-10) Windows for Workgroups 3.1 (WFW)
  Windows 3.11:	(1993-11) Windows for Workgroups 3.11 (WFW)
  Windows NT 3.5:	(1994-09)
  Windows NT 3.51:	(1995-06)
  Windows 4:	(1995-08) Windows 95. The last DOS-based version.  CodeName=Chicago
  Windows NT 4.0:	(1996-07) [=Windows Version 4.0]
  Windows 4.3:	(1998-06) Windows 98 = Windows 95.3 - CodeName=Memphis
  Windows 4.5:	(1999-05) Windows 98SE = Windows 95.5
  Windows 4.6:	(2000-06) Windows ME = Windows 95.6
  Windows 5:	(2000-02) Windows 2000 and Windows NT 5.0. The transition to the NT kernel.
  Windows 5.5:	(2001-10) Windows XP. [=Windows Version 5.1] - CodeName=Whistler
  Windows PE	Designed to replace DOS boot disk for Windows XP
  Windows 6.0:	(2007-01) Vista. [=Windows Version 6.0] Incorporated a number of Longhorn (="Windows Server 2008") elements.
  Windows 7:	(2009-10) Windows NT 6.1 kernel [=Windows Version 6.1]
  Windows 8:	(2012-10) [=Windows Version 6.2]
  Windows 8.1	(2013-10) [=Windows Version 6.3]
  Windows 10	(2015) [=Windows Version 6.4]
  Windows 11	(2021)
  Windows 365	(2021) Only for business - Cloud PC

• 6 Things That Haven’t Changed From Windows 1.0 to Windows 11 - HowToGeek
  • Microsoft Windows 1.0: Premiere Edition | PCjs Machines - etc... - (15 virtual versions)
• Versions:
• Start > Run > winver
• DOS:           Windows2.0, Windows3.0, Windows3.1
• 9x Kernel:   Windows95 (1995), Windows98 (1998), Windows98SE (1999), Windows Millenium (2000), Windows Whistler (2001).
• NT Kernel:  WindowsNT, Windows2000, WindowsXP
• Start > Settings > System > About > OS Build
  • Start > Run > systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /B /C:"OS Version"
  • Start > Run > slmgr /dlv
  • It does not specifically display the term “kernel,” although the build it belongs to is functionally equivalent to the currently running kernel.
• Windows PE = WinPE = Windows Preinstallation Environment
  • Windows Preinstallation Environment - Wikipedia
  • Windows PE (WinPE) | Microsoft Docs
  • Download WinPE (Windows PE) | Microsoft Docs
  • Windows PE - Google Search
• Windows 2000 = W2K
• See also:  DOS / Cmd
• Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
• Windows Updates
• Service Packs
• Windows 2000 Server
• ActiveWin.com -- The Most Activating Ultimate Windows Resource Site
• Application Compatibility Tool
• Five benefits of using Windows 2000 Professional as your client
• Microsoft TechNet - Home Page
• Microsoft Canada Events
• Windows 2000 Professional Documentation
• Windows 2000 Magazine Online
• Windows 2000 FAQ
• Windows XP
• Windows XP stands for Windows Experience.
• Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
• Windows Updates
• 4 Ways To Bulletproof Windows XP Forever - 2013-08-12
• Windows XP and the Future of the Desktop | ZDNet - 2014
• Upgrade From Windows XP To A Modern OS In 7 Simple Steps - 2014-03-05
• Microsoft Download Center
• PowerToys ...
• Windows Messenger - 302089 - How to Prevent Windows Messenger from Running on a Windows XP-Based Computer
• Backups ... - (NTBackup, etc.)
• Windows Vista
  • Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
  • Windows Updates
  • How to activate the Hidden Vista Administrator. /Active:Yes
    • run cmd
      • Net user administrator /active:yes
      • or
      • secpol.msc > Local Policy > Security Options > Accounts: Administrator account status > enable
    • How to access the true Administrator account in Windows Vista
  • Dirty dozen - 12 terrible Vista features to disable
  • Dirty dozen – 12 Web tricks that put you in control | IT Business
  • Windows Explorer Folder View settings | Vista Forums
  • UAC = User Access Control = UAC
    • Dreamweaver - a solution
    • Understanding and Configuring User Account Control in Windows Vista
    • Application Compatibility Issues | User Account Control (UAC) | Tools
  • Windows Vista:  Get Ready
  • Upgrade from Windows XP to Vista
• Windows 7
  • Windows Updates
  • How to Resolve Windows 7 “Not Responding” message
  • How To Activate Windows 7 via Phone Activation 'slui.exe 4' Client
  • Libraries - Library Folders
• Windows 8
  • See StartMenu
  • Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
  • Windows Updates
  • Windows 8 Support | Dell CANADA
  • Upgrading
    • Upgrading Windows - Microsoft Windows
    • How to Prepare for a Windows 8 Upgrade - dummies
  • Switching made easy: From Windows 7 to Windows 8 | Microsoft Windows - InfoWorld - page 1
    • Switching made easy: From Windows 7 to Windows 8 | Microsoft Windows - InfoWorld - page 2
    • Upgrade Assistant | Upgrade to Windows 8 - Microsoft Windows
    • Buy Windows - Microsoft Windows
    • Clip Training - $5/month
  • 10 things to try when applications won't work with Windows 8 | TechRepublic
  • The ultimate Windows 8 upgrade FAQ | ZDNet
    • Everything you need to know about Windows 8 upgrades (FAQ part 2) | ZDNet
  • Make Windows 8 boot straight to the desktop | TechRepublic
  • How To Make Windows 8 Go Faster: 8 Tips For Improving Performance
• Windows 8.1
  • See also: ISO ...  --- Cloning your disk | Disk Image | ISO/IMG/etc.
  • Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
  • See StartMenu
  • Shortcuts
  • Windows Updates
  • Six Windows annoyances: How to make them go away for good | ZDNet
  • Tips to Speed Up Windows | PCMag
  • How to Hide Anything in Windows
  • Getting started tutorials for Windows - Windows tutorial
  • 7 More Issues With Windows 8.1 That Can Be Fixed
  • Navigating Windows 8 Apps on a Tablet
  • Getting online - Microsoft Windows
  • Windows 8 Is The Most Secure Version Yet: Here’s Why
  • Microsoft Windows 8.1 Review | PCMag
  • The Start button has returned.  However, clicking the Start button doesn't take you to the Start Menu (as it did in all previous versions of Windows).  This new "Start button" just returns you to the default Windows 8 Start environment (= the tile-based "Modern UI" = the UI formerly known as "Metro" = the silly cartoon UI designed for smartphones, not for real computers).  You get the Start button, but you don't get one that works properly.  See StartMenu
  • The neutered Start button without a Start menu = A placebo Start button
  • Boot to the traditional Desktop environment.  MS doesn't want you to find this option.  Right-click on the taskbar in Desktop, choose properties, then navigation (tab), select "Go to the desktop instead of Start when I sign in".
  • 5 Ways To Improve Speed & Efficiency In Windows 8
  • Windows 8.1 All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet
  • Windows 8.1 Tips for Businesses | PCMag
  • A Guide to Making the Most of Windows 8
  • Pro tip: Simplify the Windows 8/7 Event Viewer by creating custom views - TechRepublic
  • Easily Fix These Common Windows 8.1 Frustrations
  • One Windows Tool To Get Instant Access To All Your Hardware Controls - Windows Mobility Centre (in Control Panel)
  • Libraries - Library Folders
  • Windows Can Do THIS? 15 Surprising Features You Had No Clue About
• Windows 10
  • See also: Windows 11
  • Windows 10 ESU program - Extended Security Updates
  • See StartMenu
  • Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
  • See also:  Encryption ...
  • BitLocker Drive Encryption
  • Download Windows 10
  • Issues
    • Windows release health | Microsoft Learn

  • ---

  • Updates
    • See also: Win10Upgrades
    • Manual updates
      • Cumulative updates (or quality updates) are essential to fix bugs, patch security vulnerabilities, and improve system performance.
        • “Quality updates” are available every month, and they include security and non-security fixes and improvements.
        • “Optional updates” are not critical but necessary, and they include drivers and product updates.
        • “Feature updates” are new versions of Windows 10 that the company releases once a year, and they can include new features and significant changes.
      • To check for updates manually, select Start button , then select Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update >, and then select Check for updates.
      • Microsoft Update Catalog
        • wusa c:\PATH\TO\UPDATE.msu /quiet /norestart
      • Windows 10 manually install updates (6 ways) - Pureinfotech
        • cmd (Admin)
          • security update (KB5066791)
          • wmic qfe list brief /format:table   -  (to confirm the update was installed correctly)
          • shutdown /r /t 00
        • PowerShell (Admin)
          • Install-Module PSWindowsUpdate   -  (to install the PowerShell module)
          • Get-WindowsUpdate   -  (to check for Windows 10 updates with PowerShell)
          • Install-WindowsUpdate -KBArticleID KBNUMBER   -  (to select, download, and install a specific update)
          • Install-WindowsUpdate   -  (to install available updates)
          • Get-WUHistory   -  (to view a list of previously installed updates)
    • 2025 - Win10 support ends in October 14, 2025 (2025-10-14)
      • Windows 10 ESU program - Extended Security Updates
      • 0patch
      • Microsoft extends free Windows 10 security updates into 2026, with strings attached - Ars Technica
        • Conditions:
          • use Microsoft Account sign-in for Windows
          • use Windows Backup
          • apply 1,000 Microsoft Rewards points
        • Back up and restore with Windows Backup - Microsoft Support
        • Fix OneDrive sync problems - Microsoft Support
      • Consumers won’t be offered all three years of extended Windows 10 security updates - Ars Technica
    • End of support for Windows 10, Windows 8.1, and Windows 7 | Microsoft Windows
    • Windows Updates
    • Microsoft originally launched Windows 10 in July 2015. Windows 10 was also Microsoft’s first version of Windows to be run like a service.
    • Microsoft stopped selling downloads for Windows 10 Home and Pro licenses 2023-01-31.
    • Microsoft stops officially supporting (updating) Windows 10 on 2025-10-14 (end-of-life).
    • Troubleshooting - Windows Update
      • See also: Troubleshooting Windows
      • BITS = "Background Intelligent Transfer Service" that assists update downloads from Microsoft servers.
        • Google Search:  net helpmsg 2182 SystemManagement Automation RemoteException
        • DuckDuckGo Search:  net helpmsg 2182 SystemManagement Automation RemoteException
      • Windows > Ctrl-Alt-Del > Task Manager > Services > BITS > Manual      = services.msc
      • Windows > Start > Command Prompt (Admin) >
        • sfc /scannow
          • Details of online repair:   C:\Windows\Logs\CBS\CBS.log
        • net stop bits
        • net stop wuauserv
        • net stop cryptsvc
        • C:\Windows\System32\DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
        • Details: C:\Windows\Logs\DISM\dism.log
        • Configure a Windows Repair Source | Microsoft Learn = https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=243077
      • Windows > Ctrl-Alt-Del > Task Manager > Services > Windows Update > Stop      = services.msc
      • del C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\Download\*.*
      • reboot (required?)
      • Windows > Ctrl-Alt-Del > Task Manager > Services > Windows Update > Start
      • Windows Update Troubleshooter
    • ESU start

    • ---

    • ESU program - Extended Security Updates - Windows 10 ESU program
      • The ESU program provides critical and important security updates for unsupported OSes, but does not include new features, bug fixes, or technical support. Initially, Microsoft planned to charge all users $30 to enroll in the ESU program and keep Windows 10, but it recently announced two free options. Those who buy the ESU for their Windows 10 PC will get critical and important security updates, but "new features, bug fixes, and technical support will no longer be available."
      • Requirements:
        • Windows 10, version 22H2 with KB5066791, or a later update installed
        • Extended Security Updates (ESU) Licensing Preparation Package for Windows 10 KB5072653 must be installed after KB5066791
        • Administrative privileges on the device
      • Settings
        • Start > Services > Microsoft Account Sign-in Assistant > Automatic (Delayed Start) > Start
        • Start > Services >Credential Manager > Automatic (Delayed Start) > Start
        • Temporarily disable/uninstall any third-party VPN or Antivirus
        • OA3xOriginalProductKey  -  Start > cmd (Admin) > C:\Windows\System32\wbem > wmic path softwarelicensingservice get OA3xOriginalProductKey
          • PowerShell > (Get-WmiObject -query 'select * from SoftwareLicensingService').OA3xOriginalProductKey
          • This should provide the Product Key for your Windows.
        • Start > Internet Options > Advanced (tab) > uncheck SSL 3.0 and TLS 1.0 and TLS 1.1 then check TLS 1.2 and TLS 1.3 > reboot
        • Possibly:
          • Start > Control Panel > Network and Internet > Network and Sharing Center > "Change adapter settings" > Right-click on the Ethernet connection > Properties > Networking tab > double click TCP/IPv4 > replace all DNS servers with 1.1.1.1 > OK > reboot
          • Warning! - Start > Network reset > Reset  - "This will remove then reinstall all your network adapters, and set other networking components back to their original settings. You might need to reinstall other networking software afterwards, such as VPN client software or virtual switches. Your PC will be restarted."
      • Topic: How to extend Windows 10 Support now published by ghacks -|- AskWoody subscription
        • PS C:\Windows\system32> .\reg.exe query "HKCU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows\ConsumerESU"
          • HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows\ConsumerESU
            ESUEligibility REG_DWORD 0x3
            ESUEligibilityResult REG_DWORD 0x1
          • This shows you are already enrolled successfully.
        • Verify that “ESUEligibility” value is non-zero “0x0”
          • – “ESUEligibility” value mapping:
            0: Unknown / Feature is not enabled
            1: Ineligible
            2: Eligible
            3: DeviceEnrolled
            5: MSAEnrolled
            8: LoginWithPrimaryAccountToEnroll
          • – “ESUEligibilityResult” value mapping:
            1: Success
            3: Non-Consumer edition
            4: Commercial device
            5: Non-Admin account
            6: Child account
            7: User Region is Embargoed
            8: Azure device
            11: Unknown / Feature is not enabled
      • Fix the Missing “Enroll now” Button for Windows 10 Extended Security Updates (ESU)
      • Windows 10 ESU enrollment fails even though “Enroll now” link is available - Microsoft Q&A
      • How to fix missing Extended Security (ESU) Updates enroll option on Windows 10 before support ends - Pureinfotech
        • builds 19045.6575 and 19044.6575 (KB5068781)
        • KB5071959: Windows 10, version 22H2 (OS Build 19045.6466) Out-of-band - Microsoft Support
      • Extended Security Updates (ESU) program for Windows 10 | Microsoft Learn
        • Windows Update: FAQ - Microsoft Support
        • Windows 10 Extended Security Updates | Microsoft Windows
          • Activate Windows - Microsoft Support
        • End of support for Windows 10, Windows 8.1, and Windows 7 | Microsoft Windows
        • Enable Windows 10 Extended Security Updates (ESU) | Microsoft Learn
          • Enable Windows 10 Extended Security Updates (ESU) | Microsoft Learn
          • Enable Windows 10 Extended Security Updates (ESU) | Microsoft Learn - activate by phone
          • Volume License Key Phone Numbers | Microsoft Volume Licensing - +1-866-421-7141
      • Individual/Consumer users can extend support for one year, but will only receive critical security updates.
        • How to Stay on Windows 10 Without Paying $30: Microsoft Has 2 New Options | PCMag
        • Windows 10 Consumer Extended Security Updates (ESU) program - Microsoft Support
          • Three ways you can acquire the ESU.
            1. Pay a one-time fee of USD $30 (or local currency equivalent) plus local taxes, if applicable.
            2. Redeem 1,000 Microsoft Rewards points. - Microsoft Rewards
            3. Enroll at no cost if you are syncing your PC Settings to your Microsoft OneDrive account. - Microsoft OneDrive Review | PCMag
          • Go to Settings | Update & Security | Windows Update. If your PC meets the prerequisites, you will see a link to enroll in the ESU
          • You can use the ESU license, regardless of how it was obtained, to apply the ESU on up to 10 devices.
      • Verify that Windows 10 ESU license is truly activated. - Microsoft Q&A
        • Elevated Command Prompt
          • Start > type "Command Prompt" > Run as administrator 
            • or you can right-click on Start > Command Prompt (Admin)
            • or you can right-click on Start > Windows PowerShell (Admin)
            • or
            • c: > cd  c:\Windows\System32\wbem > "wmic path softwarelicensingservice get OA3xOriginalProductKey"
              • If your copy of Windows uses a product key instead of a digital license, you can retrieve it via this PowerShell command.
                If no key is returned, your system likely uses a digital license.
          • PowerShell >
            • slmgr.vbs /dlv
              • This will display detailed license information; look for a line showing the ESU key status as “Licensed.”
            • slmgr /xpr
              • This will show a popup message indicating whether your Windows is permanently activated.
            • (Get-WmiObject -query 'select * from SoftwareLicensingService').OA3xOriginalProductKey
              • If your copy of Windows uses a product key instead of a digital license, you can retrieve it via this PowerShell command.
                If no key is returned, your system likely uses a digital license.
        • If the licence is not activated, using the Elevated Command Prompt:
          • slmgr.vbs /ato
            • or through VAMT online
            • or through proxy activation
            • or through phone activation
        • Start > Settings > Update > Activation /or/ Recovery
          • Activate Windows - Microsoft Support
      • Business users
        • The price will double every consecutive year, for a maximum of three years. If you decide to jump into the program in Year Two, you'll have to pay for Year One too, as ESUs are cumulative. A three-year ESU subscription will cost US$61 + US$122 + US$244, for a total of $427.
          • For individuals or Windows 10 Home customers, Extended Security Updates for Windows 10 will be available for purchase at $30 for one year.
        • With the 5-by-5 activation method, you'll download an activation key and apply it to individual Windows 10 devices that you've selected for your ESU program. This is the base license and will cost $61 USD per device for Year 1.
        • ESU through Windows 365 - This license is included in the Windows 365 subscription at no additional cost with a one-year commitment.  -  What is Windows 365? - Not for individuals (consumers).
      • AskWoody
        • Topic: How to extend Windows 10 Support now published by ghacks -|- AskWoody subscription
        • Forum: Windows 10 ESU questions -|- AskWoody subscription
        • Topic: How to force the Windows 10 ESU -|- AskWoody subscription
        • Microsoft : Free 1 year support for Windows 10 after EOL -|- AskWoody subscription
          • Microsoft lets you have extra year of Windows 10 updates for free - Neowin
        • One more year of Windows 10 — for consumers -|- AskWoody subscription
    • EoS = End of Support - October 2025 - 2025-10-14
      • Ending Support in 2025 - Microsoft Lifecycle | Microsoft Learn
      • End of support for Windows 10, Windows 8.1, and Windows 7 | Microsoft Windows
    • EoL = End of Life = 2024-09-15 = Windows version 22H2 is the final version of Windows 10
      • End of support for Windows 10, Windows 8.1, and Windows 7 | Microsoft Windows
      • The Windows 10 clock is ticking: here are 5 ways to save your old PC in 2025 (most are free) | ZDNET
        • Do not keep running Windows 10 come the fall of 2025. Your machine will be hacked. There's no ifs, ands, or buts about it.
        1. Buy a new PC (with a Windows11 TPM and CPU)  or  ...
        2. Force Windows 11 on your Windows 10 PC = risky
           • How to upgrade your 'incompatible' Windows 10 PC to Windows 11 | ZDNET  - you need to have a TPM version 1.2 or better (Start > run >cmd > Tpm.msc)
           • See also: Rufus (unofficial Windows 11 upgrade)
        3. Install Linux
        • This may be the best of the alternatives.
        4. Switch to ChromeOS
        5. Pay for ESU - Windows 10 Extended Support (3 years = $61+$122+$244=$427) - Only for business; not for individuals.
        • Extended Security Update program (but with no feature updates or other updates)
        • ESU will be included at no additional cost for Windows 10 devices accessing Windows 365 Cloud PCs. - Not for personal use by individuals!!
        • A one-year extension to Windows 10 — almost free! -|- AskWoody subscription
          • Users will be able to buy a one-year ESU for Windows 10 for $30. This consumer ESU will be good for one year only, with no extension available. Available only for "personal use".
            • Microsoft Rewards
              • Microsoft is making updates to Windows 10 to provide an “enrollment wizard” within Windows, either via notifications or in Settings.
              • Redeem 1,000 Microsoft Rewards points or Pay $30 USD; local pricing may vary.
          • How to get Windows 10 extended security updates for free: 2 options | ZDNET
        6. Alternative security patching = Alternatives to MS-ESU
           • Can't quit Windows 10? These are your free and paid options to keep getting updates after October | ZDNET
             • Microsoft Update Catalog - ESU updates will also be available for download individually through the Microsoft Update Catalog. 
               • It's a tedious process, but a customer who's determined to save money could set a calendar reminder to check for new updates a day or two after those updates are delivered on the second Tuesday of the month and install them manually. If you're managing only one or two PCs, that process might be an acceptable workaround, especially after the ESU program expires after the first year.
             • PowerShell - Can you really get Windows and Office for free? These hackers say yes | ZDNET 
               • GitHub - massgravel/Microsoft-Activation-Scripts: Open-source Windows and Office activator featuring HWID, Ohook, TSforge, and Online KMS activation methods, along with advanced troubleshooting. · GitHub
               • Activation Methods Chart | MAS
           • Unsupported systems
           • Windows 365 Business Plans and Pricing | Microsoft = Cloud PC = Virtual PC || Basic CA$47.50/user/month / Standard CA$62.90/user/month / Premium CA$101.20/user/month
           • 0patch - (0patch is not OPatch = Oracle patching) - will deliver in-memory patches that will block the worst security vulnerabilities
             • See also:  Windows 10
             • See also:  ESU
             • 0patch Central
             • Windows 10 will get five extra years of support courtesy of 0patch | TechSpot
             • 0patch Blog: Long Live Windows 10... With 0patch
             • 0patch - vulnerability micropatching - 0patch - €25/year/agent
             • Pricing and Plans - 0patch - (€24.95/year = ~CA$40/year+tax) for the Pro Plan for individuals
             • Is 0patch FREE a suitable tool for keeping a Windows system reasonably secure after EOS? – Help Center
             • How is 0patch different from Extended Security Updates? – Help Center
               • Microsoft and 0patch do not patch all the same vulnerabilities.
               • In contrast to Microsoft's 3 years of ESU, our patches for Windows 10 22H2 will be provided for at least 5 years - and likely longer if needed.
             • What do I have to do to receive post-EOS Windows 10 micropatches? – Help Center
               • Keep Windows Updates active.
               • Install 0patch Agent – Help Center
                 • Obtain the latest 0patch Agent installer package from https://0patch.com/download.htm.
                 • Important: 0patch Console does NOT have to be running in order for patching to work.
      • ESU end

    • ---

  • Upgrades
    • See also: Win10Updates
    • See also: Win11Upgrade
    • Windows Installation & Setup ...
    • See also: Unsupported systems
    • After Windows 10 upgrade, do these seven things immediately | ZDNet
      • Create a recovery drive.  -  16GB USB
      • Secure your user account.  - two-factor authentication (2FA)
      • Turn on BitLocker drive encryption.
      • Configure Windows Update
      • Connect other accounts – (Office 365 and Gmail accounts)
      • Settings > Accounts > Email and app accounts and click Add an account.
      • Fine-tune Action Center settings
      • go through the list of apps that are permitted to interrupt you with notifications and silence those you never want to hear from. The settings here allow you to control pop-up messages and sounds or turn off notifications completely.
      •  "go to the Windows.old directory and restore all of the programs which the Windows update decided to remove from the Program Files directories. These are mostly utilities that do specific things that are handy and which I use regularly, but which Microsoft has decided I am not allowed to use any more" - comment
      • "Control Panel and make sure that System Restore is still on" - comment
    • PowerToys ...
    • The procrastinator's guide to free Windows 10 upgrades | ZDNet
    • How to Download Windows 10 for Free - ExtremeTech
    • Windows 10 free upgrades are still unofficially available - ExtremeTech
      • Download Windows 10 - CA
      • Download Windows 10 - US
    • How to block Windows 10 upgrades | ZDNet
      • Open the Local Group Policy Editor
        • cmd > gpedit.msc
        • cmd > mmc.exe > File (menu) > Add/Remove Snap-in > Group Policy Object Editor > Browse > Add > Select Group Policy Object > Browse > This computer > Finish
          • MMC > Console Root > Local Computer Policy: 
            • Computer Configuration / Administrative Templates / Windows Components / Windows Update Policy / Turn off the upgrade to the latest version of Windows through Windows Update
      • cmd > Regedit > HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate
        • Create DWORD DisableOSUpgrade and set it to 1
      • Make the GWX icon, with its nagging notifications, vanish from the taskbar. To do that, you need to create the following key:
        • HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\GWX
        • Then create a DWORD value called DisableGWX and set it to 1
        • Restart the PC
    • Tips for Migrating to Windows 10 | Norton Community
    • How to upgrade to Windows 10: A step-by-step walkthrough - TechRepublic
    • 6 Mandatory Steps for a Safe Upgrade to Windows 10
  • How to Run Windows 10 From a USB Drive | PCMag
    • WinToUSB | Best Windows To Go Creator to create portable Windows 10/8/7 USB drive! - $0  or $30
  • How to Fix the Most Annoying Things in Windows 10 | PCMag
  • Recovery - ISO image file
  • How to use the Windows 10 View Your Network Properties feature to obtain detailed information - TechRepublic
  • Windows 10 tip: Turn on File History for automatic backups | ZDNet
  • Windows 10 tip: Keep your Microsoft account secure with 2-factor authentication | ZDNet
  • Windows 10: The best hidden features, tips, and tricks | ExtremeTech
  • Cortana
    • Cortana (virtual assistant) - Wikipedia - replaced by Microsoft Copilot (an AI chatbot) in 2023
    • How To Disable Cortana in Windows 10
  • Microsoft Windows 10 Review | PCMag
  • Windows 10: The smart person's guide - TechRepublic
  • Windows 10 - No search results from control panel or settings! - Microsoft (Windows) Support - Neowin Forums
    • ViperAFK - Posted September 12, 2015
      C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Packages\windows.immersivecontrolpanel_cw5n1h2txyewy\LocalState
      Right-click the Indexed folder > Properties > Advanced > Check Allow files in this folder to have indexed in addition to file properties. Click Apply and Exit
  • Feedback Hub - Microsoft Store
    • Windows 10 problem? Now everyone can gripe to Microsoft via Feedback Hub | ZDNet
  • Recovery Drive
  • Tips to Speed Up Windows 10 | PCMag
    • 12 Simple Tips to Speed Up Windows | PCMag
  • Windows 10: The essential guide for business professionals - Tech Pro Research
    • 7 day Free Trial. Browse and read from the entire library of original IT research, expert analysis, ebooks and policies. - $300
  • Windows 10: You've got questions, I've got answers | ZDNet
  • Can My PC Run Windows 10 Fall Creators Update? | PCMag
  • Windows 10 on an old PC: When it comes to specs, how low can you go? - TechRepublic
  • How to Hide Anything in Windows
  • The Ultimate Windows 10 Activation & License FAQ
  • The Windows 10 privacy debacle: Five big issues to consider - TechRepublic
  • AskWoody | Newsletters/Alerts  -|- AskWoody subscription
  • Windows 10 Is Watching: Should You Be Worried?
  • How to Upgrade to Windows 10 & Take Settings and Apps with You
  • HP Printers That Work With Windows 10.
    
  • Windows Can Do THIS? 15 Surprising Features You Had No Clue About
  • See also: Unsupported systems
• Windows 11
  • See StartMenu
  • See also: UEFI ...
  • See also:  TPM
    
  • See also: Secure Boot
  • Windows 11 has 1 billion users - and they're furious | ZDNET
    • buggy updates, unwanted features like AI (Copilot) and Recall, AI in Notepad, booting to a black screen, upselling offers for bloatware, OneDrive's inscrutible file/folder changes with confusing/misleading warnings, OneDrive Backup feature gets turned on without informed consent, Windows Home edition isn't really optimized for consumers, ...
  • Compare Windows 11 Versions: Windows 11 Home & Pro vs. Windows 10 | Microsoft
    • How to Get Windows 11 for Your Compatible PC | Microsoft
  • Windows 11: The Best Hidden Features, Tips, and Tricks | Extremetech
  • Do You Like Windows 11? - HowToGeek
  • Windows 11 Taskbar Icons Uncovered: What Do They Mean? - HowToGeek
  • PC Health Check
    • WindowsPCHealthCheckSetup.msi
      • https://aka.ms/GetPCHealthCheckApp
    • Do You Really Have to Stop Using Windows 10? | WIRED
    • System Compatibility Requiremens for Win11
      • Upgrade to the Windows 11 | Dell Canada
      • Check if your PC can upgrade
      • Check if a device meets Windows 11 system requirements after changing device hardware - Microsoft Support
    • Microsoft's PC Health Check app - To find out if your PC meets the Windows 11 system requirements
      • Can Your PC Run Windows 11? Not if It's More Than 4 Years Old, Says Microsoft | PCMag
      • PCs purchased after 2019 are probably in luck. PCs purchased in 2018 are possibly out of luck. PCs purchased before 2017 are probably out of luck.
      • TPM (Trusted Platform Module) 2.0 chip enabled/activated in the BIOS, UEFI, Secure Boot capable, Internet connectivity, Microsoft account, 1GHz CPU dual-core 64-bit, 4GB RAM, DirectX 12 compatible graphics / WDDM 2.x, Display > 9" with HD Resolution (720p), 64GB storage
  • Windows 10 end of support: what it means and what you should do | Best Buy Blog
    • The specs to install and run Windows 11:
      • Processor (CPU): 1 GHz or faster with 2 or more cores on a 64-bit compatible chip.
      • RAM: 4 GB minimum (8 GB recommended for better performance).
      • Storage: 64 GB or larger storage device (SSD recommended for faster performance).
      • System Firmware: UEFI (with Secure Boot capability enabled).
      • TPM (Trusted Platform Module): TPM 2.0 (most modern PCs have this).
      • Graphics Card: DirectX 12 compatible / WDDM 2.x driver.
        • 720p display (or higher) larger than 9 inches with 8 bits per colour channel.
      • Internet access and Microsoft account
    • Extended Security Updates (ESU) program for Windows 10 | Microsoft Learn
      • Windows365 (for business)
  • Upgrade
    • See also: Windows 10
    • Requirements for Windows 11
    • CPU - or Incompatible ARM or AMD processors
      • CPU must support specific instructions -- SSE4.2 and PopCnt.
    • TPM 2.0 supported - or at least TPM 1.2 enabled (turned on)
    • Secure Boot supported
    • UEFI (not BIOS)
    • Secure Boot must be supported, although it does not need to be enabled. (But seriously, folks, you should enable Secure Boot.)
      • How to activate TPM 2.0 and Secure Boot in Windows 10 - TechRepublic
      • msinfo32 - BIOS Mode should be UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)
      • Secure Boot status report in Windows Autopatch | Microsoft Learn
        • Requires MS Azure account - Intune
    • Windows 11 Is a Lost Cause. Truly Destined for the Garbage. Don't Upgrade from 10 - YouTube
    • Microsoft confirms new Windows 11 migration tool, like Windows 7 Easy Transfer
    • To Upgrade or not to Upgrade? When?
      • October 14, 2025 (2025-10-14), Microsoft will stop updating Windows 10.
      • Upgrade to the New Windows 11 OS | Microsoft
      • You shouldn't upgrade to Windows 11 yet | PCWorld
      • Windows 11 Review: Don’t Rush To Take That Free Upgrade
      • I wouldn’t upgrade to Windows 11 yet - here's why | Tom's Guide
      • Most corporate PCs can’t install Windows 11, study says -|- AskWoody subscription
    • Microsoft Doesn't Want You to Upgrade to Windows 11 | PCMag
    • Unsupported systems = Incompatible systems = machines that don't meet the Win11 requrirements
      • Don't Throw Away Your Laptop: How to Install Windows 11 On Unsupported Hardware - CNET
      • Windows 10 PC can't be upgraded? You have 5 options - and must act now | ZDNET
      • You can still upgrade old PCs to Windows 11, even if Microsoft says no: Readers prove it | ZDNET
      • Microsoft said my PC was 'too old' to run Windows 11 - how I upgraded in 5 minutes anyway | ZDNET
        • How to upgrade your 'incompatible' Windows 10 PC to Windows 11 - for free | ZDNET
        • Requirements for Windows 11:
          • It must be configured to start up using UEFI, not a legacy BIOS configuration.
          • Secure Boot
          • TPM
      • Don't Throw Away Your Laptop: How to Install Windows 11 On Unsupported Hardware - CNET
      • How to Upgrade to Windows 11 for Free (Even if Your PC Isn't Supported) | PCMag
      • Microsoft Reverses Course, Allows Installing Windows 11 on Unsupported Hardware | Extremetech - 2024-12-11
        • Installing Windows 11 on devices that don't meet minimum system requirements - Microsoft Support
      • What are some ways that a computer user can install Windows 11 on a PC that doesn't quite meet the minimum technical requirements? - perplexity.ai
      • The official MoSetup workaround that Microsoft tucked into the Registry
      • See also: Rufus (unofficial Windows 11 upgrade)
      • WinBootMate
      • This Trick Bypasses Windows 11 Hardware Requirements | Extremetech
        • Windows10 > cmd > setup /product server
      • How to install Windows 11 on older, unsupported PCs - TechRepublic
      • You can still upgrade old PCs to Windows 11, even if Microsoft says no: Readers prove it | ZDNET
      • Can you really get Windows and Office for free? These hackers say yes | ZDNET - legal?
        • MASSGRAVE · GitHub - legal?
        • massgravel/Microsoft-Activation-Scripts: Open-source Windows and Office activator - GitHub - legal?
        • Activation Methods Chart | MAS
      • How to upgrade your 'incompatible' Windows 10 PC to Windows 11 in 2025 | ZDNET
        • Probably not a good idea.
        • Msinfo32.exe > System Summary > BIOS Mode > If it says "Legacy," you'll need to reconfigure your system to UEFI mode (and convert your system disk from MBR to GPT partitioning) before you can install Windows 11 as a normal upgrade.
        • Tpm.msc (Trusted Platform Module Management tool) > you need v 1.2 or v 2.0
        • UEFI - If you're unable (or unwilling) to change from Legacy BIOS to UEFI, or if you have an older PC that doesn't have a TPM option at all, you'll need to use the second option
          • An undocumented hack that allows you to bypass the compatibility checks and complete the upgrade > regedit > Rufus utility
          • See also: Rufus (unofficial Windows 11 upgrade)
      • Flyoobe / Flyby11
        • Install Windows 11 on ANY Windows 10 PC with NO data loss! - YouTube - $0
          • Flyoobe - GitHub - builtbybel/Flyby11: Fly through your Windows 11 setup
            • builtbybel/Flyoobe: Fly through your Windows 11 setup - GitHub- $0
          • How I Got Windows 11 Running on a Decade-Old "Unsupported" PC - Flyoobe is the successor to a small app called Flyby11 - HowToGeek
            • There are risks if you bypass Windows system requirements. See the list of risks. - HowToGeek
          • Builtbybel · GitHub
          • Instead of hacking your registry, Flyoobe automates the ISO download and bypasses requirements like TPM 2.0 and Secure Boot.
        • builtbybel/Flyby11: Windows 11 Upgrading Assistant - GitHub
        • Flyby11 is designed to bypass the limitations that restrict the installation of Windows 11 (24H2) on machines with unsupported hardware.
          Although you can force Windows 11, the next feature release will not automatically download and install. You’ll have to do that work manually.
        • Releases · builtbybel/Flyby11
        • Flyby11 - MajorGeeks
        • This Open-Source Tool Let Me Install Windows 11 Without AI Features - HowToGeek
    • Unofficial Win11 upgrade
      • These upgrade options can't save a device whose CPU lacks support for two specific instruction sets -- POPCNT and SSE 4.2. Most PCs built using Intel CPUs from 2009 or later will pass this test.
      • Rufus - will let you install Windows 11 on a variety of Windows 10 PCs -- but not all of them
        • Rufus - Create bootable USB drives the easy way
        • How to upgrade your 'incompatible' Windows 10 PC to Windows 11 - 2 free options | ZDNET
        • Rufus - How to install Windows 11 the way you want (and bypass Microsoft's restrictions) | ZDNET
        • How to easily upgrade an ‘unsupported’ Windows 10 PC | The Intelligence
        • See also: Wipe ... - Wipe Your Disk Completely - Erase your Hard Drive
      • Flyoobe
      • See also: 0patch
      • See also: Linux ...
      • See also: USB ...
    • Ways to install Windows 11 - Microsoft Support
      • Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
      • Registry Key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup\MoSetup
      • Name: AllowUpgradesWithUnsupportedTPMOrCPU
      • Type: REG_DWORD
      • Value: 1
  • Issues
    • Windows release health | Microsoft Learn
  • Recall - Microsoft Copilot
    • Your device must meet the Copilot+ PC requirements - which include an NPU (Neural Processing Unit), 16GB of RAM, and 256GB SSD.
    • Microsoft’s controversial Recall feature is now blocked by Brave and AdGuard | The Verge
      • Signal says no to Windows 11’s Recall screenshots | The Verge
      • AdGuard for Windows - Disable Windows Recall
        • Microsoft’s Recall feature is still threat to privacy despite recent tweaks
      • Brave blocks Microsoft Recall by default | Brave
    • How to disable Windows Recall | Windows Central
      • To check, just type "Recall" into the Windows Start Menu. If you see the Recall app, then your PC does have Recall installed and it can be disabled in Windows Settings by following this guide.
      • Windows11 > Windows Settings (WIN+I) > Privacy & Security > Recall & Snapshots > Save Snapshots OFF > Delete Snapshots > Delete All
    • Privacy and control over your Recall experience - Microsoft Support
    • Everyone Hated Recall on Windows, so Microsoft Is Changing It - HowToGeek
    • Microsoft Will Switch Off Recall by Default After Security Backlash | WIRED
    • How to Disable Recall on Windows 11 - HowToGeek
      • If you want to turn off Recall, press the Windows key to open the Start menu, then search for Turn Windows Features On or Off and select the first option. Scroll down until you see Recall, then untick the box next to it.
  • Windows 11 -|- AskWoody subscription
  • MBR / GPT
    • Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
    • See Hardware:  BIOS & UEFI ...
    • See Hardware:  MBR & GPT ...
  • How to display version information on the Windows 11 desktop - TechRepublic
  • Preparing your PC for Windows 11 -|- AskWoody subscription
    • Turn off your AV (Anti-Virus) program while doing the following operations:
    • Viewing Malwarebytes Anti-Malware v4.4.7.134 - OlderGeeks.com Freeware Downloads
    • Viewing Malwarebytes AdwCleaner v8.3.0 - OlderGeeks.com Freeware Downloads
    • Viewing SUPERAntiSpyware Free v10.0.1238 - OlderGeeks.com Freeware Downloads
    • Viewing DISM_GUI v1.1 - OlderGeeks.com Freeware Downloads - Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool
      • Releases · mikecel79/DISMGUI
    • Drivers & Downloads | Dell Canada
    • Download Drivers | NVIDIA
  • Windows evolves: Windows 11, and the future of Windows 10 - TechRepublic
  • Windows 11 Specifications - Microsoft
  • Windows 11 cheat sheet: Everything you need to know - TechRepublic
    • See also: TPM
  • 4 best new Windows 11 features
    • Get started with voice access - Microsoft Support
      • Start > Settings > Accessibility > Speech > Voice Access
    • Snipping Tool = PrintScreen key = Windows Key + Shift + S
    • Quick Assist
      • Solve PC problems over a remote connection - Microsoft Support
        • Windows key  + Ctrl + Q)
        • ms-quick-assist://
    • Use live captions to better understand audio - Microsoft Support
      • It’s able to turn any audio playing on your computer into text, and available via Start > Settings > Accessibility > Captions.
• Windows365 (for business) = Windows 365 - $$$
  • Cloud PC = virtualized Windows desktop
  • Not to be confused with Microsoft 365 or Windows/386.
  • The subscription service will be accessible through any operating system with a web browser.
  • Windows 365 Business Plans and Pricing | Microsoft - Basic CA$43/user/month, standard CA$55/user/month, Premium CA$86/user/month
  • Meet Windows 365 - Not for individuals
  • What is Windows 365? | Microsoft Learn - Not for individuals
  • Windows 365 Link - the first Cloud PC device - Windows IT Pro Blog - Not for individuals
  • End-user hardware requirements in Windows 365 | Microsoft Learn

• TPM (Trusted Platform Module) 2.0
  • See also:  BIOS/UEFI ...
  • A TPM must be enabled (for Win11); version 1.2 is OK, but a system without any TPM or with the TPM disabled will fail. Any PC that was originally designed for Windows 10 should include a TPM 2.0.
  • TPM.msc
    • PS (Admin) > c: > cd C:\Windows\system32 > .\tpm.msc
  • 5 Ways To Check If Your PC Has TPM 2.0
  • TPMs come in two forms: a physical chip that's separate from the main processor, or a piece of firmware that's built into it.
  • Go to Control Panel and click on the Bitlocker Icon. If you don't see a BitLocker icon there's a high probability that your computer does NOT have a TPM compliant motherboard.
  • How to activate TPM 2.0 and Secure Boot in Windows 10 - TechRepublic
  • Windows 11 Will Be a Free Upgrade, But the System Requirements Are Going Up | PCMag
    • Our (PCMag) PC was only Windows 11-eligible after we went into our PC's BIOS settings, and activated the TPM firmware - a process that may be too technical for the average consumer. (In our case, turning on TPM involved activating the "ftpm" setting on our Asus B550 motherboard.)
    • To find out if your PC has a TPM chip, go to the search bar on Windows 10, and type in "TPM." Then click on "Security processor," which will let you know if TPM is installed and what version.
    • Device protection in Windows Security
  • A single Registry line enables Windows 11 without TPM 2.0 -|- AskWoody subscription
    • No. You don't really need Windows 11 (yet?). Windows 10 is still good enough.
  • Windows 11 Is Ultra-Secure, Don't Mess It Up | PCMag
    • With a computer that doesn’t meet the requirements for Windows 11, please don’t use the bypass. Stick with Windows 10, and start saving for a new, more secure computer.
  • Trusted Platform Module (Windows 10) - Microsoft 365 Security | Microsoft Docs
  • If you don't have TPM, you may just not have it turned on so Windows isn't picking it up. If you turn it on all will be good. Or for $30 you can buy a TPM module that will plug into your motherboard (assuming it's not a laptop).
  • Most people have a recent PC with a TPM 2.0 capable processor and if they look at their BIOS settings they will find a Trusted Platform setting and enable that and it will work fine.
  • Trusted Platform Module Technology Overview (Windows 10) - Microsoft 365 Security | Microsoft Docs
  • TPM.msc - Microsoft recommends that you avoid configuring the TPM through the TPM management console, TPM.msc. There are a few exceptions, mostly related to resetting or performing a clean installation on a PC. For more information, see Clear all the keys from the TPM. We're no longer actively developing the TPM management console beginning with Windows Server 2019 and Windows 10, version 1809.
  • Enable TPM 2.0 on your PC
  • The Security Chip Your PC Needs to Run Windows 11 - Flipboard
    • Run > tpm.msc
    • Windows 11 won't work on your PC without a TPM - how to check | Tom's Guide
    • What is a TPM? And here's why you need it for Windows 11 | Tom's Guide
    • Why Windows 11 is forcing everyone to use TPM chips - The Verge
    • Turns out Windows 11 does not need TPM 2.0 after all - MSPoweruser - only TPM 1.2 is required
    • What Is a TPM? How This Chip Can Protect Your Data | Laptop Mag
    • Microsoft Discloses TPM Chip Requirements For Windows 11 - only TPM 1.2 is required
    • Windows 11's TPM Requirement Surprised PC Builders, but You Can Enable It in BIOS | Tom's Hardware
      • TPM 2.0 is not supported in Legacy and CSM Modes of the BIOS. Devices with TPM 2.0 must have their BIOS mode configured as Native UEFI only. The Legacy and Compatibility Support Module (CSM) options must be disabled. For added security Enable the Secure Boot feature.
      • See also:  BIOS/UEFI ...
    • What Is a TPM, and Why Do I Need One for Windows 11? | PCMag
  • Microsoft Offers TPM 2.0 Bypass to Install Windows 11 on Unsupported PCs | PCMag
  • See also:  Encryption ...
  • BitLocker Drive Encryption
• Intel Platform Trust Technology (Intel PTT) is an integrated TPM (Trusted-Platform Module) compliant with the TCG TPM 2.0 standard.
• Microsoft Hardware resources
  • Can My PC Run Windows 11? | PCMag
    • Start > Run > dxdiag.exe (= DirectX Diagnostic Tool)
    • Start > Settings > Display
    • Start > Settings > Update & Security > Windows Security, where a "Device security" module offers security processor details.
    • Reboot > Del or F4 or ?? > BIOS > Advanced (tab) > PCH-FW Configuration > Enable PTT -|- To enable TPM. PTT is Intel's name for a hardware implementation of a TPM 2.0 module. 
  • How to tell if your PC can run Windows 11 - TechRepublic
  • Upgrade to the New Windows 11 OS | Microsoft - with hardware requirements and a compatibility checker
  • Windows 11 Specifications - Microsoft
  • Trusted Platform Module Technology Overview (Windows 10) - Microsoft 365 Security | Microsoft Docs = TPM
  • Windows Processor Requirements Windows 11 Supported Intel Processors | Microsoft Docs
  • Windows Processor Requirements Windows 11 Supported AMD Processors | Microsoft Docs
  • Windows Processor Requirements Windows 11 Supported Qualcomm Processors | Microsoft Docs
  • Lifecycle FAQ - Windows | Microsoft Docs
  • There are three key hardware requirements from this morass of information:
    • Windows 11 requires a 64-bit CPU;
    • Windows 11 requires TPM 2.0;
    • Windows 11 requires at least an eighth-generation Intel processor or an AMD processor from no earlier than 2019.

Associating file types to programs - To manually re-associate a file type to a different program:

• Windows Explorer - Method #1  (Vista, Win7, Win8)
  • Right-click on the file and select "Open with"
  • Choose Program
  • Check the box - "Always use this program to open files of this type"
• Windows Explorer - Method #2  (not for Vista, Win7, Win8)
  • Right-click on the file and select Properties
  • Open with...
  • Choose Program
  • Check the box - "Always use this program to open files of this type"
• Windows Explorer - Method #3  (not for Vista, Win7, Win8)
  • Tools menu or View menu
  • Folder Options
  • Files Types (tab)  (not for Vista, Win7, Win8)
  • Select the file type
    • Change or Edit (button)
      • Check the box - "Always use this program to open files of this type"
    • Advanced (button)  (not for Vista, Win7, Win8)
      • Edit
        • Action - "Open"
      • Browse
      • Change Icon

AumHa Forums - Supporting Users of Windows Desktop Systems

• Windows Support Center

98lite for enhancing and embedding Windows9x  (3 versions:  $0 Freeware, $5 Standard, $25 Pro) 98lite takes standard Windows features and transforms them into OPTIONAL COMPONENTS. You can then remove the superfluous features that trip you up and slow you down. Even Internet Explorer can be removed! There's no risk since 98lite installs components into the Windows add/remove options list and you can restore any feature you remove.

ActiveWin.com -- The Most Activating Ultimate Windows Resource Site

• ActiveWin: Windows 2000 Tips & Tricks

FAQ...

Lockergnome - Free Technology E-mail Newsletters

MBR = Master Boot Record

• See Recovery
• See also:  BIOS/UEFI/MBR/GPT ...

--

Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death = Blue Screen error = Black screen error = STOP code error

• See Recovery
• Crash Analyzer - OlderGeeks.com Freeware Downloads
  • Download Crash Analyzer
    
• Windows 11 - WRI
  • So Long, Blue Screen of Death. Amazingly, You'll Be Missed | WIRED
  • The Windows Resiliency Initiative: Building resilience for a future-ready enterprise | Windows Experience Blog
  • BSOD = Black Screen of Death = Windows 11 "unexpected restart screen" (= a euphemism) = “Your device ran into a problem and needs to restart”
• Resolving Blue Screen errors in Windows - Microsoft Support
• BSOD Finding and fixing them - Microsoft Community
• Blue Screen Data - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn
  • Review events and errors using Event Viewer - Microsoft Defender for Endpoint | Microsoft Learn
  • Analyze a Kernel-Mode Dump File by Using WinDbg - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn 
  • .bugcheck (Display Bug Check Data) - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn
  • !analyze (WinDbg) - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn
  • Driver Verifier - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn - It's estimated that about three quarters of blue screens are caused by faulting drivers. Driver Verifier is a tool that runs in real time to examine the behavior of drivers.
• How to Fix When Windows Restarts After Shutdown - Tech News Today
  • You can disable automatic restarts on the blue screen in Windows so that you have more time to recognize the message.
• Bug Check Code Reference - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn
  • Update drivers manually in Windows - Microsoft Support
• Why Does Windows Crash? The Top 10 Reasons
• How to Rescue a Crashed PC | PCMag
• BSoDs can be a good thing — really! -|- AskWoody subscription
• What to Do When Your Computer Won't Start | PCMag
• Repairs
  • Start > Windows Security > Virus & threat protection > Scan options > Quick scan
    Start > Windows Security > Virus & threat protection > Scan options > Full scan
    Start > Windows Security > Virus & threat protection > Scan options > Microsoft Defender Antivirus (offline scan)
       - This scan reboots your PC into safe mode without internet support to remove more difficult malware. The scan shouldn't take more than 15 minutes.
  • Msconfig > General (tab) > Selective startup > uncheck “Load startup items” > OK > reboot
  • Startup Apps > Startup > Toggle off any apps that you don't need to launch automatically
    Msconfig > General (tab) > Selective startup > check “Load startup items” > OK > reboot
  • PowerShell (Admin)
    • See also: Utilities / Tools
    • sfc /scannow
    • DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-image /Restorehealth
    • DISM /online /cleanup-image /checkhealth
    • DISM /online /cleanup-image /scanhealth
    • DISM /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth
    • Restart
    • mdsched.exe > Restart
    • rstrui.exe  =  System  Restore (create)
    • taskmgr = Task Manager > Processes tab > Not Responding > End Task 
• Troubleshooting Windows
  • See also: Hang = Freeze = Unresponsive
  • See also: Troubleshooting Windows Update
  • Running troubleshooters in Get Help - Microsoft Support
  • How to troubleshoot a flakey Windows 10 system with the Memory Diagnostics Tool - TechRepublic
    • Search for > Memory Diagnostics Tool > Restart now
    • F1 = Options (Basic, Standard, Extended) (Extended test may take over eight hours.)
    • In the event that Windows Memory Diagnostics detects a memory error, your best bet will be to replace the RAM chip. If there is more than one RAM chip, you'll replace one chip at a time and rerun Windows Memory Diagnostics until you find out which is the memory chip with a problem.
  • Windows 8 Crashing? How To Easily Troubleshoot Blue Screen & Other Issues
  • Troubleshooting Windows unexpected restarts and stop code errors - Microsoft Support
    • Windows Startup Settings - Microsoft Support
    • Bug Check Code Reference - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn
    • Bug Check 0xD1 DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn
  • Critical Process Died Error on Windows: How to Fix It - HowToGeek
    • How to Fix "Critical Process Died" in Windows 10
    • 8 Solutions: Critical Process Died Stop Code in Win10
  • 14 Quick Fixes for a Windows Computer that Hangs & Freezes
  • Windows > open Get Help > type Troubleshoot BSOD error
  • Start (icon in bottom left corner) > Settings > Update and Security > Troubleshoot
  • Outlook
    • Scan Outlook by using Microsoft Support and Recovery Assistant - Outlook | Microsoft Learn
      • OutHang.exe  -  Microsoft Support and Recovery Assistant for Office 365
        • outlookdiagnostics.azureedge.net
      • Running troubleshooters in Get Help - Microsoft Support
      • To enhance the support for Microsoft 365 customers and eliminate the requirement to download the Support and Recovery Assistant, we have integrated Microsoft Support and Recovery Assistant troubleshooters into Get Help, a built-in Windows feature.
        Get Help provides a broader range of troubleshooters and resources, ensuring Microsoft 365 customers receive the most effective solutions for their issues. To continue, visit Running troubleshooters in Get Help.
• Useful System Tools Hidden in Windows - HowToGeek
  • Windows Memory Diagnostic - HowToGeek
  • Resource Monitor - HowToGeek
  • Performance Monitor - HowToGeek
  • Computer Management and Administrative Tools - HowToGeek
  • Advanced User Accounts Tool - HowToGeek
  • Disk Cleanup - HowToGeek
  • Local Group Policy Editor - HowToGeek
  • Registry Editor - HowToGeek
  • System Configuration - HowToGeek
  • System Information - HowToGeek
• Everything You Need to Know About the Blue Screen of Death - HowToGeek
• WhoCrashed, automatic crash dump analyzer - Resplendence Software
• Blue screen of death (STOP error) information in dump files.
• How to Identify Which Hardware Component is Failing in Your Computer - HowToGeek
  • How to Identify Which Hardware Component is Failing in Your Computer - HowToGeek
  • How to Test Your Computer's RAM for Problems - HowToGeek
    • Windows Memory Diagnostic = mdsched.exe
      • Then use Event Viewer (eventvwr.msc) > Windows Logs > System > Find > Type "MemoryDiagnostic" into the find box and click "Find Next."
    • MemTest86 = more powerful than mdsched.exe
      • MemTest86 - Official Site of the x86 and ARM Memory Testing Tool
      • Memtest86+ | The Open-Source Memory Testing Tool
    • MemTest for Windows Download Page -  not the most reliable test
    • Test Your Computer's Memory Using Windows Vista Memory Diagnostic Tool - HowToGeek
• Hang = Freeze = Unresponsive
  • Quick Fixes for a Windows Computer that Hangs & Freezes
  • Computer Freezing While Idle
    • A computer that freezes when your idle sounds like a problem with your operating system or hardware:   Clean PC dust, reseat RAM, add fresh thermal paste (CPU,GPU)
  • How to Fix a Frozen Windows PC - HowToGeek
  • How to Find Out Why Your Windows PC Crashed or Froze - HowToGeek
    • Reliability Monitor is the Best Windows Troubleshooting Tool You Aren't Using - HowToGeek
    • Start, type "reliability," and then click the "View reliability history" shortcut. - HowToGeek
      • kb2267602 error
    • Event Viewer = eventvwr.msc
  • Computer Restarts or Shuts Down Intermittently, Locks Up, Stops Responding or an Error Occurs. | Dell US
  • See also:  BIOS/UEFI updates ...
• Crash Dump = DMP file
  • How to Open and Analyze Windows Crash Dump (.DMP) Files
  • How to generate a complete memory dump on Windows 10
    • Windows 10 Dump Memory
      1. Search for System Configuration and select it.
      2. Click the Boot tab > Advanced options... .
      3. In the BOOT Advanced Options window, make sure the Maximum memory check box is selected and click OK.
      4. Click OK to close the System Configuration window.
      5. Click Exit without restart in the dialog window that may appear. You will restart the system later.
      6. Right click on This PC and go to Properties > Advanced system settings .
    • memory dump windows 10 - Bing
    • memory dump windows 10 - Google Search
  • BlueScreenView - Blue screen of death (STOP error) information in dump files - Download & Run (no installation required) - BSOD
    • Blue screen of death (STOP error) information in dump files. - nirsoft.net
    • BlueScreenView - Download - lo4d.com
    • BlueScreenView - Download - ssoftonic.com
    • ^O (Advanced Options) > Browse > C:\MiniDump
  • WinDbg
    • Install WinDbg - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn
    • https://aka.ms/windbg/download
    • WinDbg Overview - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn
    • Using WinDbg and the debugger commands - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn
      • analyze (WinDbg) - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn
      • Using the !analyze Extension - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn
    • Analyze Crash Dump Files by Using WinDbg - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn
    • Windows key > type “windbg” > Run as administrator > Yes > Start debugging > Open dump file > Browse (button) > C:\Windows\minidump  (usually) > Open (button) >
      Type !analyze -v into the command line and press ↵ Enter
    • To read the dump file, you'll just need to download a simple free crash analysis tool like WinDbg or BlueScreenView.
      Windows blue screen errors create DMP files in C:\Windows\Minidump by default. 
    • WinDbg can be found on the Microsoft Store
    • Bug Check Code Reference - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn
      • See also:  Crash Dump file DMP
      • See also:  IRQL - DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL
      • CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED
        • Bug Check 0xEF CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn
      • WHEA_UNCORRECTABLE_ERROR - Windows Hardware Error Architecture
        • How to Fix a WHEA Uncorrectable Error in Windows 10 - HowToGeek
        • Bug Check 0x124 WHEA_UNCORRECTABLE_ERROR - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn
        • Search | Microsoft Learn - WHEA_UNCORRECTABLE_ERROR
        • WHEA_UNCORRECTABLE_ERROR - Microsoft Community
          • WHEA_UNCORRECTABLE_ERROR (124). The first parameter has a value of 4, which indicates an issue with one of your PCI devices (video card, audio card, network adapter, etc.. plugged into one of the expansion slots).
          • Top 6 Ways to Fix WHEA Uncorrectable Error in Windows 10/11 - EaseUS
        • WHEA UNCORRECTABLE ERROR blue screens - Microsoft Community
        • whea uncorrectable error bsod - Microsoft Community
          • Malware scan
          • Try running your system in Safe Mode and see if the issue still persists. This will help determine if any third-party software or drivers are causing the issue.
          • CPU temperature - use HWMonitor
          • PSU (power supply) adequate for components
          • Memory - use MemTest86
          • Driver updates
          • Remove any overclocking
          • sync system clock
          • BIOS updates
          • system restore to a previous restore point
          • clean install of Windows
          • sfc /scannow
            dism /online /cleanup-image /scanhealth
          • See also: Utilities / Tools
          • motherboard
  • Speccy | Find your computer specs, free!
  • Changing Memory Dump File Settings
    • Start > type Type “view advanced system settings” > Advanced (tab) > Settings > Small memory dump (256 KB) > Small dump directory: %SystemRoot%\Minidump >
      uncheck “Overwrite any existing file” > OK
• Cloud Reset
• Safe Mode
  • See also:  Reset
  • See also:  Recovery
  • WinRE
    • Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE) - Safe Mode is an option
    • If Windows crashes too early to allow other options, you can use the PC's power switch to restart. After three failed boot attempts, WinRE starts automatically.
      • Shut down your PC with the power button twice in a row during boot, then go to Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Startup Settings > Restart, and then choose one of the safe mode options.
    • Elevated command prompt > reagentc /info  -  (If WinRE is enabled you will see Windows RE status in the output with a value of Enabled.)
    • KB5028997: Instructions to manually resize your recovery partition to install the WinRE update - Microsoft Support
    • Settings > System > Recovery > Advanced startup > Restart now
  • How to access Safe Mode in Windows 10 - TechRepublic
    • Right-click on Start Menu (left corner of task bar) > Shut down or sign out > Hold down the Shift key and click on Restart
      • A menu will appear which will allow you to choose what you want to do when you restart.
    • F8 during boot-up does not work with Windows 10?
    • Settings > PC Settings > Update and Recovery > Recovery > Advanced Startup
      Settings > Update and Security > Recovery > Restart
  • Start your PC in safe mode in Windows - Microsoft Support - using msconfig
  • Reagentc.exe
    • found in  C:\Windows\System32\  and in  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\
    • The reagentc /info command is used to display the status and configuration information of the Windows Recovery Environment (Windows RE) and system reset settings. It provides details such as whether Windows RE is enabled or disabled, its location, and the recovery image index
    • The reagentc /info command provides details about the Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE) status, including whether it is enabled or disabled, the location of the recovery image, and the Boot Configuration Data (BCD) identifier. This information helps users understand the configuration of their recovery options.
    • ReAgentc.exe | Microsoft Windows Recovery Agent | STRONTIC
    • reagentc command - output not what I was expecting - Windows 10 Forums
    • Hold down shift key and click restart. Boot to Safe Mode then Shift Restart works as it should.
    • delete C:\$SysReset - Yes. It is safe to delete this folder.
      • What is $SysReset folder? How to delete $SysReset folder in Windows?
• Contact - Microsoft Support

Error & Event Messages

• See also:  Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death ...
• Windows > Run > SupportAssist (Dell)
• Windows Update
  • Cannot Install Windows Update (Error 0x80073701)
    • windows updates failed 0x80073701 - Google Search
    • How to fix update error 0x80073701? - IONOS CA
      • The error 0x80073701, also known as error_sxs_assembly_missing, tends to keep coming back and blocking the update.
    • 2024-07-21 T5810
      Updates available
      Last checked: Today, 9:07 PM
      2024-07 Cumulative Update for Windows 10 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems (KB5040427) Status: Downloading - 0%
      Hewlett-Packard - USB - 3/4/2019 12:00:00 AM - 48.2.4483.1963
      Status: Installing - 0%
    • 2024-07-21 T5810
      Updates failed
      Last checked: Today, 8:26 PM
      There were problems installing some updates, but we'll try again later.
      2024-07 Cumulative Update for Windows 10 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems (KB5040427) - Error 0x80073701
  • Windows Update (Error 0x800f020b)
    • Since this update is to be installed on an external device, such as a Printer, if the device is not connected properly, you will see this error. However, it is not the only reason
  • Error 0x80070643  --> "Security Update for Windows 10 version 22H2 for x64-based Systems - KB5034441"
    • How to fix Windows 10 KB5034441 failing to install with 0x80070643 error
    • KB5034441: Windows Recovery Environment update for Windows 10, version 21H2 and 22H2: January 9, 2024 - Microsoft Support
    • Microsoft KB5034441 Windows 10 security patch for BitLocker bypass is leading to errors and has a complicated fix | Tom's Hardware
    • Topic: KB…441 tragedy for non Woody users -|- AskWoody subscription
    • This Is How I Fixed the Windows Update Error 0x80070643 - HowToGeek
      • cmd (admin)
        • diskmgmt.msc
          • If your Windows Recovery partition doesn't have at least 250 MB of free space, you'll encounter the error 0x80070643 when downloading the Windows 10 KB503441 update.
          • To fix this issue, you'll need to resize the Recovery partition using the Command Prompt.
        • reagentc /info
        • reagentc /disable
        • diskpart

• list disk
• select disk 1 (the OS disk) - (for example)
• list partition
  • If there's an asterisk (*) in the GPT column of your operating system disk, it means you have GUID Partition Table (GPT) partition style. If there's no asterisk in the GPT column, then it's MBR partition style.
• select partition 3 (the primary disk partition) - (for example)
• shrink desired=250 minimum=250
• select partition 4 (the recovery partition) - (for example)
• delete partition override
• list partition
  • If there's an asterisk (*) in the GPT column of your operating system disk, it means you have GUID Partition Table (GPT) partition style. If there's no asterisk in the GPT column, then it's MBR partition style.
• If your disk is GPT, type create partition primary id=de94bba4-06d1-4d40-a16a-bfd50179d6ac and hit Enter. Then, type gpt attributes =0x8000000000000001 and hit Enter.
  If your disk is MBR, type create partition primary id=27 and hit Enter.
• formatquick fs=ntfs label="Windows RE tools"
• list vol
  • to confirm that the recovery partition (Windows RE) has been created.
• exit
• reagentc /enable
• reagentc /info
  • If you see "Enabled" next to Windows RE status, it means the Recovery partition is working properly.
• Blocking Windows Updates That Trigger Issues

• No Boot Device Found. or  No bootable devices found. 
  • How to Fix No Bootable Device Not Found - YouTube
  • Restart > F12 > BIOS > UEFI
    • Check system date and time > change MB battery if necessary (Coin-cell battery - 3v CR2032 lithium coincell)
      • DL2032 vs CR2032: What's their Main Differences?
    • BIOS > UEFI/CSM/Legacy > Save > Restart
    • Unplug all USB devices > Restart
    • CrystalDiskInfo ...
  • SOLVED: No Boot Device Available Error in Windows 7/8/10
• Windows 2000 Server CD  >  \Support\Tools\setup.exe
  • Start | Programs | Windows 2000 Support Tools | Tools HelpUEFI
• TechNet Online
• Windows' Event Viewer keeps track of things like crashes and application errors to help you troubleshoot your PC.
  If Windows comes up and then freezes, something is wrong with your boot or autoloading sequence. The Event Viewer may tell you what.
  Select Start, Run, type eventvwr, and press Enter.
• IRQL = Interruption ReQuest Line
  • See also:  WinDbg
  • DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL
  • Microsoft Community search: DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL
  • Search | Microsoft Learn - DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL
  • Bug Check 0xD1 DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn
  • Bug Check 0xD1 DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn - DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL
  • How to Fix IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL Errors in Windows 10 | Tom's Hardware
    • Corrupt system files
      • DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealth
      • DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth 
      • SFC /SCANNOW  (run the system file checker until it reports nothing found)
      • See also: Utilities / Tools ...
    • Incompatible device drivers
      • Device Manager > R-click the (recently installed) device > Properties, > Driver (tab) > Roll Back Driver
        • How to Access Device Manager From the Command Prompt  -  devmgmt.msc
    • Faulty hardware
      • PowerShell > perfmon /rel  (= Reliability Monitor)
    • Damaged or incomplete software installation
      • Reliability Monitor
      • Update History
    • Graphics Driver
      • Usually the problem is a buggy Nvidia GeForce graphics driver. Roll back to the preceding version.
    • Try a Clean Boot
      • msconfig > General (tab) > Selective Startup > Uncheck Load startup items
        • > Services (tab) > check Hide all Microsoft services > OK > Restart > replace or reinstall otherwise problematic or reluctant drivers, applications, updates > Reverse all msconfig changes
    • Visit TenForums.com, BleepingComputer.com Answers.Microsoft.com or the Tom’s Hardware forums and search for IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL to see how often the error has been reported lately as there may be a new driver or update wreaking havoc.
  • iaStorA.sys
    • IaStorA.sys is a driver file that comes up in association with Intel Rapid Storage Technology. It is a Windows driver designed to offer accessible communication between your PC and hardware or other connected devices. The iastora.sys process is a safe driver file that doesn’t cause any threat to your device.
    • DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL (iaStorA.sys) - Microsoft Community
    • Top 3 Ways to Fix iaStorA.sys BSOD Windows 10 - MiniTool
    • iaStorA.sys device manager at DuckDuckGo
    • iaStorA.sys Blue Screen of Death [SOLVED] - Driver Easy
    • Fix IaStorA.sys 100% disk usage when doing nothing
      • Check for Hardware Failure
        • Free software to Monitor & Check Hard Disk Health for potential failure
      • Run CHKDSK in Advanced Recovery
        • System > Recovery > Advanced Startup > Restart || Once in Advanced Recovery > Troubleshoot > Advanced Options > Command Prompt > CHKDSK /f /r
      • Reinstall the Intel Rapid Storage Technology Software
        • Support for Intel® Rapid Storage Technology (Intel® RST)
        • Fix: IAStoricon.exe Application Error
      • Update Windows 11/10
  • iaStorB.sys
    • Precision 5810 Tower: Resolving an Intermittent BSOD "0X000000D1 - DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL" | Dell Canada
    • See also:  WinDbg
      • Debugging Details:
        Unable to load image \SystemRoot\System32\drivers\iaStorB.sys, Win32 error 0n2
        *** WARNING: Check Image - Checksum mismatch - Dump: 0xd94f, File: 0x72fd - C:\ProgramData\Dbg\sym\hal.dll\1A7BE8E96000\hal.dll
• IAStorIcon = iastoricon
  • What Is IAStorIcon.exe?
  • How to Update Drivers in Windows
  • If you're sure that you don't have a virus, the problem likely lies with your Intel Rapid Storage Technology (IRRT) drivers.
    • Update your drivers in the Windows Device Manager, or download Intel’s Driver Update Utility from the Intel Download Center.
  • To remove IAStorIcon.exe, search for Intel Rapid Storage Technology in your app settings and uninstall the program.
    • How to Uninstall Apps From Windows 7, 8, and 10
• DRIVER_POWER_STATE_FAILURE
  • Bug Check 0x9F DRIVER_POWER_STATE_FAILURE - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn
  • Help with Blue Screen "Driver Power State Failure" - Microsoft Community
  • DRIVER_POWER_STATE_FAILURE Windows 10 - Microsoft Community
    • Start > type "Device Manager" > Display adapters > R-click on the display adapter > Uninstall > Download the driver from the manufacturer's website > install the driver
      • Repeat for Network adapteers, WiFi adapters (if any), Sound, video and game controllers
      • Download Drivers | NVIDIA - Download the driver before uninstalling from the Device Manager
    • Start > type "Device Manager" > Network adapters > R-click on the network adapter > Power Management (tab) > uncheck "Allow the computer to turn off this device to save power" > OK > Reboot
      • Repeat for Network adapteers, WiFi adapters (if any), Sound, video and game controllers
  • 9F is likely a driver issue. 
  • This "could" be a power supply problem though it is not the most common cause.
  • Antivirus/antispyware/security programs can also cause these issues.
  • DriverView: Loaded Windows Drivers List - by NirSoft - $0
  • Verifier.exe
    • Will only work on Windows Server??
    • Driver Verifier - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn - Caution! Warning.
    • How to use Driver Verifier Manager in Windows 11/10
      • Read and follow the instructins very carefully
      • How to use Driver Verifier Manager in Windows 11/10 - YouTube
    • Use Driver Verifier to identify issues - Windows Server | Microsoft Learn
      • cmd (Run as administrator) > verifier.exe > restart
        • Will only work on Windows Server??
• Freeze = Lockup = Unresponsive
• Dell
  • Support | Dell Canada

Microsoft

• TechNet Online
  • Windows XP Professional Top Knowledge Base Articles
• Public folder = C:Users\Public\ = %Public% = run shell:public
  • Create a shortcut using the %Public% environment variable, use the shell:public command, or pin the Public folder to the Quick Access list in Windows 10 (Favorites in Windows 7).
  • The Public profile resembles any other user profile, with five default subfolders: Documents, Downloads, Music, Pictures, and Videos. (Third-party programs can create subfolders here, too.) All files you save or copy to these locations are available without restriction to any user who signs in using an account available on that PC.
  • You can use the Public folder on a local network as well. Folders in the Public profile are available on a homegroup or to any remote user who signs in using any account set up on the PC serving as host.
• Reboot shortcut  (Make this the command line for a shortcut)  (Win 95/98)
  • C:\Windows\Rundll.exe user.exe,ExitWindowsExec
• Reinstall
  • Choose: Reinstall | Repair | Recovery | Reset
  • See also:  Safe Mode
  • See also: ISO ...  --- Cloning your disk | Disk Image | ISO/IMG/etc.
  • Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
  • Restore points ...
  • Data Recovery ...
  • Windows Installation & Setup ...
  • Topic: 6000015 – Repair install of Windows 10 22H2 -|- AskWoody subscription
  • Dell Computer Does Not Boot to Windows 10 | Dell Canada - See Reset
  • Download Windows 10
  • Microsoft Explains How “Cloud Download” Reinstalls Windows 10 - See Reset
  • 4 repair commands to run before you reinstall Windows - HowToGeek
  • 7 commands to reinstall or upgrade Windows 10 computers - TechRepublic
  • How to Clean Up Windows 10 With the Fresh Start Tool | PCMag - Reset
  • Repair (not Reset, not Recovery)
    • Choose: Reinstall | Repair | Recovery | Reset
    • 4 repair commands to run before you reinstall Windows - HowToGeek
    • Do a repair install of Windows 10 - By Ed Bott
      When all your troubleshooting fails and you're unable to solve a nagging Windows problem, you might be tempted to start fresh with a clean install. Before you take that drastic measure, consider a repair installation instead. This option lets you keep all your installed programs and settings, and it doesn't touch your data files.
      You won't find "repair install" on any official Microsoft documentation, but the option's readily available. All you have to do is upgrade Windows, using the same edition that's already installed.
      To perform this "upgrade," first make sure you have a complete backup of all your data files. Then download the latest Windows 10 installation media as an ISO file from https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10. Double-click to mount the ISO file as a virtual drive in File Explorer, and then double-click Setup to begin the repair installation.
      At the step where you're asked what you want to keep, choose the Keep Personal Files And Apps option, and then follow the prompts to complete Setup. When you're done, you'll have a fully refreshed copy of Windows 10, with your desktop programs, apps, and settings intact.
    • How to get out of Windows’ Automatic Repair loop -|- AskWoody subscription
    • Download Windows 10
      • I recommend downloading an ISO of Windows 10 22H2 from the Software download site to “squirrel away,” in case you need to perform a repair install over the top. For both Windows 10 and Windows 11, you can do a reinstall over the top to repair any issues. In addition, if you know where all your software is located (along with the installation keys), you can always consider doing a totally clean install and then reinstalling the apps from scratch. Especially if you plan to upgrade memory or increase the size of your SSD, doing a clean install will bring “pep” into many an old system. Note: I don’t recommend doing this if you have no other system around. It’s more like a recommendation to breathe a second life into an older computer system. Rather than repurposing it with a Linux distro, consider reinstalling Windows 10 fresh.
  • Recovery - System Recovery
    • Choose: Reinstall | Repair | Recovery | Reset
    • Restore points ...
    • How to Use Windows' New 'Quick Machine Recovery' Tool | Lifehacker - Win11
      • Start > Settings > System > Recovery > Restart now > Advanced startup
      • Start > Settings > ... >  Startup Repair > System > Recovery > Quick Machine Recovery (QMR)
      • Quick Machine Recovery | Microsoft Learn
    • See also: ISO ...  --- Cloning your disk | Disk Image | ISO/IMG/etc.
    • NTFS.com - NTFS File System General Information. Data Recovery
      • NTFS.com - Fixing and repair MBR.Fix MBR.Recover boot record.Recovery.
    • Be prepared: Create a Windows 10 Recovery Drive - TechRepublic
    • Get familiar with the Windows 10 Recovery Drive... before you need it - TechRepublic
    • MBR = Master Boot Record
      • NTFS.com - Fixing and repair MBR.Fix MBR.Recover boot record.Recovery.
      • FDISK /MBR Rewrites the Master Boot Record
    • Download Windows 10 - The Update Assistant can help you update to the latest version of Windows 10.
      • Download Windows 11
      • Download and save the installation media on a hard drive or a flash drive.
    • Reset (but not a clean install)
      • Settings > System > Recovery or
        Settings > Windows Updates > Advanced options > Recovery.
      • Reset this PC
      • Keep my files to remove only downloaded apps and settings.
        • If you chose Keep my files, apps and settings will default to what they were when the PC was brand new. You can change this by disabling Restore preinstalled apps.
        • Remove all apps and programs that didn't come with this PC.
    • Dell Computer Does Not Boot to Windows 10 | Dell Canada
      • Reset your Windows 10 operating system
        • If your computer files have been damaged, a reset of Windows 10 reinstalls these files without damaging your data. After the third attempt to boot has failed, Windows 10 will automatically boot into the Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE). Follow these steps to reset Windows 10:
          1. At the Choose an option screen, select Troubleshoot.
          2. At the Troubleshoot screen, select Reset this personal computer.
          3. At the Reset this PC screen, select Keep my files.
          4. Select your user account, and enter the password if prompted.
          5. Select Reset.
          6. Windows will perform the reset process
  • Reset = Clean Install
    • Choose: Reinstall | Repair | Recovery | Reset
    • See also:  Safe Mode
    • See also: Recovery > Repair Install
    • Cloud Reset:  Settings > Update & Security > Recovery  -|- (when Windows crashes and there's no recovery drive or USB drive to reset the operating system. This remote option re-installs the same version of Windows previously running, but it will still require removing all your apps and personal files)
    • Microsoft Explains How “Cloud Download” Reinstalls Windows 10 - HowToGeek
      • Windows 10’s 20H1 update (or later) > Settings > Update & Security > Recovery and click “Get Started” under Reset This PC > Keep/Remove files > Cloud Download (to download the installation files from Microsoft’s servers)
    • How To - Windows 10 clean install tutorial | Tom's Hardware Forum
    • Start fresh with a clean installation of Windows 10 - Installing a new version of Windows on your computer (clean install).
  • Bootable Recovery Drive
    • Do you have an up-to-date recovery drive for Windows 10? A bootable USB flash drive that contains the files needed to repair or reinstall Windows should be part of your troubleshooting toolkit. And if your computer is working well right now, this is a perfect time to create that recovery drive.
      For starters, you'll need a USB flash drive. A basic recovery drive must be at least 512 MB in size, but I recommend that you use a drive with at least 8 GB capacity instead; the larger drive will allow you to add Windows setup files and third-party drivers for ready access. The process of creating a recovery drive formats the drive and erases all data, so copy any important files from that removable drive before you proceed.
      Use the search box to locate and run the Recovery Drive utility (RecoveryDrive.exe), which is located in the WindowsSystem32 folder. On the first page, clear the Back Up System Files To The Recovery Drive check box. Then click Next and follow the wizard's prompts, selecting your destination drive.
      After the wizard finishes, you can copy Windows installation files to the recovery drive. Double-click the Windows ISO file to mount it as a virtual drive; then select its entire contents and drag them onto the recovery drive in File Explorer, choosing the option to replace existing files.
      Remove the drive, label it, and store it in a safe place. You never know when you'll need it.
      By Ed Bott - TechRepublic.com
    • How to Revive Windows 10 With a Recovery Drive | PCMag

Scripting

• WinBatch: Macro Scripting Total Windows Automation of System, Networking, and Software Applications. (US$105)
• Script Center

Sharing & Permissions

• How to View Network Shares in Windows 10
  • Task Manager (^ShiftEsc) > File (menu) > Run new task > compmgmt.msc
  • compmgmt.msc
  • fsmgmt.msc  (to open the Shared Folders MMC snap-in)
  • cmd (Win-X > Command Prompt or PowerShell) > mmc compmgmt.msc
  • Windows > Control Panel > Administrative Tools > Computer Management > System Tools > Shared Folders
  • Windows > File/Windows Explorer > Network > double-click on the computer icon
  • cmd (Win-X > Command Prompt or PowerShell) > net share
  • cmd (Win-X > Command Prompt or PowerShell) > net view \\computername /all
  • How to Share File or Folder in Windows 10
    • Note: Give access to and Advanced sharing are two distinct methods of sharing but as mentioned above, the former changes local and network permissions whereas the latter option only changes network permissions. If you use both or combine both, they may cause conflicts or confusion over permissions. Due to permissions being set differently by both methods, in most cases you cannot stop Advanced sharing by choosing Give access to -> Remove access from the context menu and vice versa. Keep this in mind.
• Homegroup

Printers

• See printer.htm

Swynk.com: SQL Server, SMS, Exchange, Microsoft, BackOffice, IIS, FAQs

Training

• VUE Testing Services. The best technology, even better service.
• MeasureUp, Inc.

TweakUI ... - (PowerToys)

UPDATES

• Windows LTSC = Long Term Servicing Channel
  • Is this a good/safe solution?
  • Security updates only. No Feature updates.
    
  • Keeping Windows 10 Alive for 6 More Years by Converting it to LTSC - YouTube
    • LTSC - Google Search
  • Windows Enterprise LTSC overview | Microsoft Learn
  • Windows 10 LTSC – the version that won't expire for years • The Register
  • GitHub - nadeoki/win10enterpriseguide: a quick guide to Install Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC on a Boot Drive
• Windows 10 Updates
  • Windows 10 ESU program - Extended Security Updates
• Master Patch List -|- AskWoody subscription
• Hacker group releases updated tool to activate almost all modern Microsoft software | TechSpot - $0
• See also:  Microsoft Office ...
• Error Messages
• Home Updater: Overview and Download | Patch My PC - $0 - Recommended by AskWoody -|- AskWoody subscription
  • Topic: The resources you need for a secure computer -|- AskWoody subscription
• Hide unwanted updates (e.g. MS-Windows updates for hardware drivers that you prefer to get from the manufacturer)
  • Free tools to Block Automatic Windows 11/10 Updates
    • StopUpdates10 - How to block Updates on Windows 10 using StopUpdates10
  • Blocking Windows Updates That Trigger Issues - BlockAPatch.com -|- AskWoody subscription
    • Three tools to block Windows updates - YouTube
      1. WUshowhide.diagcab = MS-Show or Hide Updates Tool
         • Block unwanted Windows Updates with Show or Hide Updates Tool
         • Hide or Show Windows Updates in Windows 10 | Tutorials
         • PowerShell - How to Hide Windows Updates using PowerShell in Windows 11/10
           • PowerShell
      2. Windows Update Mini Tool
      3. WUMgr tool -|- AskWoody subscription
         • GitHub - DavidXanatos/wumgr: Windows update management tool for windows 10
         • Update Manager for Windows - Free download and install on Windows | Microsoft Store
         • Download WuMgr - MajorGeeks
  • GRC | InControl -|- AskWoody subscription - controls Windows automatic updating/upgrading system by targeting it to a specific major version and feature update release. By default, the current release will be used.
• Fix Windows Update errors via DISM or System Update Readiness tool - Windows Server | Microsoft Learn
• Windows is using your internet to send updates to strangers — here's the setting to stop it
  • Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update > Advanced options > Delivery Optimization > disable the "Allow downloads from other devices"
• Microsoft | Software Download
• Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
• Windows Update: FAQ
• Windows 10 Release Information | Microsoft Docs
  • This information-dense web page contains a concise listing of the release date and end-of-service date for every Windows 10 version.  Even more important is the navigation pane on the left side, where you can find detailed information about known issues that affect the current release, incompatibilities with specific devices and third-party software, and previously reported issues that have been successfully resolved.
• See also Windows 10 upgrade
• Windows Updates
• http://www.microsoft.com/technet/
• http://www.microsoft.com/security/
• Internet Explorer
• Microsoft Download Center
  • Download Windows 10
• 12 Things You Should Do Before Installing Windows 10 Creators Update (Version 1703)
• How to Fix Another Installation is in Progress Error windows 10, 8 1 and 7 - YouTube
• [FIX] We Can't Install Some Updates Because Other Updates Are In Progress - This did not help me at all.
• Microsoft Windows Update Error message:  "KB905474 - Microsoft Updates were unable to be successfully installed."
• Configure Windows Update.
  • you can defer updates by up to 30 days
  • Check for updates - the second Tuesday of each month, the day on which Microsoft releases security updates for Windows
  • Change active hours to specify your normal work hours
  • Advanced options and set your deferral periods for monthly quality updates
  • Settings > Privacy > Feedback & Diagnostics and change the setting under the Diagnostic Data heading from Full to Basic
• Delay or defer Windows 10 updates
  • To set deferral periods on an individual PC, go to Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update. Click Advanced Options and adjust the values under Choose When Updates Are Installed.
  • To set deferral periods for multiple PCs, use the Group Policy settings found under Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Windows Update > Windows Update for Business.
• Users are Reporting Lost Data After Installing Windows 10 October 2018 Update - ExtremeTech
• Windows 10 May 2019 Update: How to delay it - TechRepublic
  • Windows 10 October 2018 Update: How to delay it
    https://www.techrepublic.com/article/windows-10-spring-creators-update-how-to-delay-it/
    1. If you're running the Pro, Enterprise or Education versions of Windows 10 you can put off the upgrade for at least four months.
    2. Go to Settings > Update & security.
    3. Under 'Update settings', click the text 'Advanced options'.
    4. Under 'Choose when updates are installed' choose 'Semi-Annual Channel' from the dropdown menu.
    5. Changing this setting from the 'Semi-Annual Channel (Targeted)' option to 'Semi-Annual Channel', previously known as 'Current Branch for Business', typically defers feature updates like the October 2018 Update for about four months.
    6. To delay the update for longer than four months, click the dropdown menu under the text 'A feature update includes new capabilities and improvements. It can be deferred for this many days:'.
    7. In this dropdown menu select the number of additional days you would like to defer the update for, up to a maximum of 365.
• Reset Windows Update in Windows 10 | Tutorials

Utilities / Tools ...

• Windows Guide Network at WinGuides.com  (recommended by Jay Jones-Doyle 2001-11-15)
• Windows10 Timeline
• Get Help With Timeline - Microsoft Support
• How to Clear Timeline History in Windows 10 for Privacy
• What is Windows 10's Timeline, and How Do I Use It? - HowToGeek
• How to Use Windows 10 Timeline | PCMag
• WinSite(tm) Archive